UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K 
☒	ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2013	
 	OR	
☐	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from ____________________ to _____________________	
Commission File Number 000-13611
SPARTAN MOTORS, INC.
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)
Michigan
(State or Other Jurisdiction of
Incorporation or Organization)	 	38-2078923
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)	
 	 	 	
1541 Reynolds Road
Charlotte, Michigan
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)	 	
48813
(Zip Code)	
Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code:  (517) 543-6400
 Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Securities Exchange Act
 
Title of Class
Common Stock, $.01 Par Value	 	Name of Exchange on which Registered
NASDAQ Global Select Market	
 	 	 	
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Securities Exchange Act: None	
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.
 	Yes	 	 	No	X	 	
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.
 	Yes	 	 	No	X	 	
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
 	Yes	X	 	No	 	 	
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).
 	Yes	   X	 	No	 	 	
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.   X  
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check One):
Large accelerated filer	 	  Accelerated filer	X	  Non-accelerated filer	 	Smaller reporting company	 	
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 12b-2).
 	Yes	 	 	No	X	 	
The aggregate market value of the registrant’s voting stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant, based on the last sales price of such stock on NASDAQ Global Select Market on June 30, 2013, the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter: $200,165,585.
 
The number of shares outstanding of the registrant’s Common Stock, $.01 par value, as of February 28, 2013: 34,206,668 shares
 
Documents Incorporated by Reference
 
Portions of the definitive proxy statement for the registrant’s May 21, 2014 annual meeting of shareholders, to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission no later than 120 days after December 31, 2013, are incorporated by reference in Part III.

 

 
 
 FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Form 10-K contains some statements that are not historical facts. These statements are called “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. These statements involve important known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors and can be identified by phrases using “estimate,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “project,” “expect,” “intend,” “predict,” “potential,” “future,” “may,” “will,” “should” and similar expressions or words. Our future results, performance or achievements may differ materially from the results, performance or achievements discussed in the forward-looking statements. These statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve certain risks, uncertainties and assumptions (“Risk Factors”) that are difficult to predict with regard to timing, extent, likelihood and degree of occurrence. Therefore, actual results and outcomes may materially differ from what may be expressed or forecasted in such forward-looking statements.
 
Risk Factors include the risk factors listed and more fully described in Item 1A below, “Risk Factors”, as well as risk factors that we have discussed in previous public reports and other documents filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. The list in Item 1A below includes all known risks our management believes could materially affect the results described by forward-looking statements contained in this Form 10-K. However, these risks may not be the only risks we face. Our business, operations, and financial performance could also be affected by additional factors that are not presently known to us or that we currently consider to be immaterial to our operations. In addition, new Risk Factors may emerge from time to time that may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements. Given these risks and uncertainties, although we believe that the forward-looking statements contained in this Form 10-K are reasonable, we cannot provide you with any guarantee that the anticipated results will be achieved. All forward-looking statements in this Form 10-K are expressly qualified in their entirety by the cautionary statements contained in this section and investors should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements as a prediction of actual results. The Company undertakes no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements to reflect developments or information obtained after the date this Form 10-K is filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

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PART I
Item 1.                    Business.
 
When used in this Form 10-K, “Company”, “we”, “us” or “our” refers to Spartan Motors, Inc. and, depending on the context, could also be used to refer generally to the Company and its subsidiaries, which are described below.
 
General
 
Spartan Motors, Inc. was organized as a Michigan corporation on September 18, 1975, and is headquartered in Charlotte, Michigan. Spartan Motors began development of its first product that same year and shipped its first fire truck chassis in October 1975.
 
We are known as a leading, niche market engineer and manufacturer in the heavy-duty, custom vehicles marketplace. We have five wholly owned operating subsidiaries: Spartan Motors Chassis, Inc., located at the corporate headquarters in Charlotte, Michigan (“Spartan Chassis”); Crimson Fire, Inc. located in Brandon, South Dakota (“Crimson”); Crimson Fire Aerials, Inc., located in Ephrata, Pennsylvania (“Crimson Aerials”); Utilimaster Corporation, located in Wakarusa and Bristol, Indiana (“Utilimaster”); and Classic Fire, LLC (“Classic Fire”), located in Ocala, Florida. We are also a participant in a joint venture, Spartan-Gimaex Innovations, LLC (“Spartan-Gimaex”), with Gimaex Holding, Inc. Spartan Chassis is a leading designer, engineer and manufacturer of custom heavy-duty chassis. The chassis consist of a frame assembly, engine, transmission, electrical system, running gear (wheels, tires, axles, suspension and brakes) and, for fire trucks and some specialty chassis applications, a cab. Spartan Chassis customers are original equipment manufacturers (“OEMs”) who complete their heavy-duty vehicle product by mounting the body or apparatus on our chassis. Crimson engineers and manufactures fire trucks built on chassis platforms purchased from either Spartan Chassis or outside sources. Crimson Aerials engineers and manufactures aerial ladder components for fire trucks. Classic Fire engineers and manufactures fire trucks that are built on commercial chassis and offered at a lower price point for use as brush trucks, urban interface, tankers and smaller rescues. Spartan-Gimaex is a 50/50 joint venture that was formed to leverage the complementary footprints, capabilities, brands, technologies and product portfolios of both companies to enable technology sharing, joint product development, commercial agreements and additional purchasing leverage, with the goal of enabling both companies to amass a true global presence in the emergency response vehicle market. Utilimaster is a leading manufacturer of specialty vehicles made to customer specifications in the delivery and service market, including walk-in vans and hi-cube vans, as well as truck bodies.
 
Our business strategy is to further diversify product lines and develop innovative design, engineering and manufacturing expertise in order to be the best value producer of custom vehicle products. Our diversification across several sectors provides numerous opportunities while minimizing overall risk. Additionally, our business model provides the agility to quickly respond to market needs, take advantage of strategic opportunities when they arise and correctly size operations to ensure stability and growth.
 
We have an innovative team focused on building lasting relationships with our customers. This is accomplished by striving to deliver premium custom vehicles, vehicle components, and services. We believe we can best carry out our long-term business plan and obtain optimal financial flexibility by using a combination of borrowings under our credit facilities, as well as internally or externally generated equity capital, as sources of expansion capital.
 
Our Segments
 
We identify our reportable segments based on our management structure and the financial data utilized by our chief operating decision maker to assess segment performance and allocate resources among our operating units. We have three reportable segments: Emergency Response Vehicles, Delivery and Service Vehicles, and Specialty Chassis and Vehicles. For certain financial information related to each segment, see Note 15,  Business Segments , of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements appearing in Item 8 of this Form 10-K.

 Emergency Response Vehicles
 
Our Emergency Response Vehicles segment consists of the operations of our Crimson, Crimson Aerials, Classic Fire and Spartan-Gimaex subsidiaries (together “Spartan ERV”) and the emergency response chassis operations of our Spartan Chassis subsidiary. This segment engineers and manufactures emergency response chassis, emergency response bodies and aerial equipment. Spartan ERV specializes in the manufacture of aerial ladders and emergency response vehicle bodies which are mounted on custom chassis from Spartan Chassis, commercial chassis or other custom chassis. The emergency response chassis operations of Spartan Chassis designs and manufactures custom chassis for emergency response vehicles. Sales from the Emergency Response Vehicles segment represented 35.2%, 34.5% and 36.3% of our consolidated sales for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively.

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The Emergency Response Vehicles segment has extensive engineering experience in creating custom vehicles that perform specialized tasks, and generally manufactures vehicles only upon receipt of confirmed purchase orders; thus, it does not have significant amounts of completed product inventory. As an emergency response vehicle producer, Spartan Motors believes it holds a unique position for continued growth due to its engineering reaction time, manufacturing expertise and flexibility. Spartan Motors markets its emergency response vehicles throughout the U.S. and Canada, as well as in select markets in South America and Asia. The Emergency Response Vehicles segment employed approximately 700 associates in Charlotte, Michigan; Brandon, South Dakota; Ephrata, Pennsylvania; and Ocala, Florida as of January 31, 2014, approximately 175 of which were contracted employees.

Emergency Response Chassis
 
We custom manufacture emergency response chassis in response to customer specifications through our Spartan Chassis subsidiary. These specifications vary based on such factors as application, terrain, street configuration and the nature of the community, state or country in which the fire truck will be utilized. Spartan Chassis has four fire truck models within this product line: (1) the “Gladiator” chassis; (2) the “Metro Star” chassis; (3) the “Metro Star X” chassis and (4) the “Metro Star RT” (rescue transport).
 
Spartan Chassis strives to develop innovative engineering solutions to meet customer requirements, and designs new products anticipating the future needs of the marketplace. New vehicle systems and components are regularly introduced by Spartan Chassis that incrementally improve the level of product performance, reliability, and safety for vehicle occupants. Spartan Chassis monitors the availability of new technology and works closely with its component manufacturers to apply new technology to its products.
 
Over the past few years, Spartan Chassis has introduced innovations on our emergency response chassis such as:  heated roll down side glass; optimized engine tunnel; a new Angle of Approach (AoA) chassis that exceeds all NFPA angle-of-approach and departure standards with its 19-degree approach angle; and the Advanced Protection System (APS), an unequaled occupant restraint system which includes additional airbag positions and intelligent seats providing best-in-class protection against frontal impact, rollover, side impact and occupant ejection.

Emergency Response Bodies
 
We engineer and manufacture bodies for custom and commercial emergency response vehicles and apparatus through our Crimson, Classic Fire and Spartan-Gimaex subsidiaries. These subsidiaries market products through a network of dealers throughout North America, and in select markets in South America and Asia under the Spartan ERV brand. The Spartan ERV product lines include pumpers and aerial fire apparatus, heavy- and light-duty rescue units, tankers and quick attack units. Spartan ERV is recognized in the industry for its innovative design and engineering, with signature features such as Tubular Stainless Steel body structure (known as the Tri-Max TM  body frame), Vibra-Torq TM  mounting system, and Smart Access pump panels that are designed to offer the safety, reliability and durability that firefighters need to get the job done. Spartan ERV’s product lines also include an array of lower price point apparatus built on commercial chassis such as brush trucks, urban interface rescue vehicles and tankers.

Aerial Ladders
 
We engineer, manufacture and market aerial ladder components for fire trucks under the Spartan ERV brand through our Crimson Aerials subsidiary in Ephrata, Pennsylvania, which began operations in 2003 and has developed a full line of aerial products. Spartan ERV Aerials introduced its first models in 2004 and is poised to produce the next generation of aerial devices in terms of technology, operation and serviceability. Spartan ERV Aerials primarily sells its products to Spartan ERV.

Delivery and Service Vehicles
 
We manufacture delivery and service vehicles through our Utilimaster subsidiary, which was acquired on November 30, 2009. Utilimaster, which was established in 1973, designs, develops, and manufactures products to customer specifications for use in the package delivery, one-way truck rental, bakery/snack delivery, utility, and linen/uniform rental businesses. Utilimaster serves a diverse customer base and also sells aftermarket parts and assemblies. The majority of its revenues are from walk-in vans sold to customers in the delivery and service market. Its remaining revenues are attributable to commercial truck bodies, along with aftermarket parts and assemblies. Sales from the Delivery and Service Vehicles segment represented 38.2%, 44.2% and 38.9% of our consolidated sales for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively. Utilimaster employed approximately 760 associates as of January 31, 2014, of which approximately 100 were contracted employees.

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Utilimaster’s sales and distribution efforts are designed to sell to national, fleet and commercial dealer accounts within these niches under the Aeromaster®, Trademaster®, Metromaster® and Utilivan® brand names. Utilimaster markets its products throughout the U.S. and Canada.
 
The principal types of commercial vehicles manufactured by Utilimaster are walk-in vans, cutaway vans and truck bodies. Walk-in vans are assembled on a “stripped” truck chassis supplied with engine and drive train components, but without a cab. Walk-in vans are sold under the Aeromaster® brand, and are typically used in multi-stop applications that include the delivery of packages, the distribution of food products and the delivery of uniforms/linens. Cutaway vans are installed on “cutaway” van chassis, and are sold under the Utilimaster, Utilivan®, Metromaster® and Trademaster® brand names. Cutaway bodies are primarily used for local delivery of parcels, freight and perishable food. Truck bodies are installed on a chassis that is supplied with a finished cap. Utilimaster’s truck bodies are typically fabricated with pre-painted panels, aerodynamic front and side corners, hardwood floors and various door configurations to accommodate end-user loading and unloading requirements. Utilimaster’s truck bodies are sold under the Utilimaster brand name and are used for diversified dry freight transportation. In addition to vehicles, Utilimaster sells aftermarket parts and assemblies for its walk-in vans and truck bodies. In the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, aftermarket parts and assemblies sales represented 12.2%, 27.8% and 28.2% of the Delivery and Service Vehicles segment sales.
 
Our Delivery and Service Vehicles segment began shipments of the "Reach "TM commercial van in the first quarter of 2012. The Reach  TM  offers greatly improved fuel economy and reduced CO 2  emissions, as well as enhanced aesthetics and functional improvements.

Specialty Chassis and Vehicles
 
Our Specialty Chassis and Vehicles segment consists of the Spartan Chassis operations that engineer and manufacture motor home chassis, defense vehicles and other specialty chassis and distribute related aftermarket parts and assemblies. Our specialty vehicle products are manufactured to customer specifications upon receipt of confirmed purchase orders. As a specialty chassis and vehicle manufacturer, we believe we hold a unique position for continued growth due to the high quality and performance of our products, our engineering reaction time, manufacturing expertise and flexibility. Our specialty vehicle products are generally sold through original equipment manufacturers in the case of chassis and vehicles and to dealer distributors or directly to consumers for aftermarket parts and assemblies. Sales from our Specialty Chassis and Vehicles segment represented 26.6%, 21.3% and 24.8% of our consolidated sales for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011. The Specialty Chassis and Vehicles segment employed approximately 420 associates in Charlotte, Michigan as of January 31, 2014, of which approximately 100 were contracted employees.
 
Motor Home Chassis
 
We custom manufacture chassis to the individual specifications of our motor home OEM customers through our Spartan Chassis subsidiary. These specifications vary based on specific interior and exterior design specifications, power requirements, horsepower and electrical needs of the motor home bodies to be attached to the Spartan chassis. Spartan Chassis’s motor home chassis are separated into three models: (1) the “Mountain Master” series chassis; (2) the “K2” series chassis and (3) the “K3” series chassis.
 
Versions of these three basic product models are designed and engineered in order to meet customer requirements. This allows the chassis to be adapted to the specific floor plan and manufacturing process used by the OEM. We seek to develop innovative engineering solutions to meet our customer’s requirements and strive to anticipate future market needs by working closely with OEMs and listening to end users. We monitor the availability of new technology and work closely with our component manufacturers to apply new technology to our products. Over the past few years we have introduced new innovations, including: electronic steering control, heavy duty air ride independent front suspension and multiplexed electrical controls. More recent innovations include our certified 2013 EPA compliant clean diesel technology and front engine gas chassis concepts which target the largest growth segment in class A recreational vehicles.    
 
Specialty Vehicle Chassis
 
Through our Spartan Chassis subsidiary, we develop specialized chassis to unique customer requirements and actively seek additional applications of our existing products and technology in the specialty vehicle market. Over the past few years we have expanded into highly customized niche markets for specialty vehicle chassis, including high power/high capability drill rigs and specialty bus applications and assembly of the Isuzu N-Series Gasoline Cab-Forward Trucks, a direct result of our alliance with Isuzu Commercial Truck of America.

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Aftermarket Parts and Assemblies
 
The aftermarket parts and assemblies operation of Spartan Chassis supplies aftermarket repair parts and sub-assemblies along with limited servicing and refurbishment for our products in the defense, motor home and emergency response markets.

Marketing
 
We market our specialty vehicles, including custom emergency response chassis, emergency response bodies and other specialty vehicles, throughout the U.S. and Canada, as well as select markets in South America and Asia, primarily through the direct contact of our sales department with OEMs, dealers and end users. We utilize dealer organizations that establish close working relationships through their sales departments with end users. These personal contacts focus on the quality of the group’s specialty products and allow us to keep customers updated on new and improved product lines and end users’ needs.
 
Through our Utilimaster subsidiary, we sell delivery and service vehicles to commercial vehicle dealers, leasing companies and directly to end-users, and the Reach  TM  commercial van through the Isuzu dealer network. Utilimaster also markets its products directly to several national and fleet accounts (national accounts typically have 1,000+ vehicle fleets and fleet accounts typically have 100+ vehicle fleets), and through a network of independent truck dealers in the U.S. and, to a lesser extent, in Canada. Utilimaster has organized its sales force and product engineering staff into market teams. Utilimaster also provides aftermarket support, including parts sales and field service, to all of its customers through its Customer Service Department located in Bristol, Indiana, as well as maintaining the only online parts resource among the major delivery and service vehicle manufacturers. Utilimaster does not provide financing to dealers, fleet or national accounts. Utilimaster also maintains multi-year supply agreements with certain key fleet customers in the parcel and linen/uniform rental industries.
 
In 2013 and consistent with prior years, our representatives attended trade shows, rallies and expositions throughout North America as well as Europe and Asia to promote our products. Trade shows provide the opportunity to display products and to meet directly with OEMs who purchase chassis, dealers who sell finished vehicles and consumers who buy the finished products. Participation in these events also allows us to better identify what customers and end users are looking for in the future. We use these events to create a competitive advantage by relaying this information back to our advanced product development team for future projects.
 
Our sales and marketing team is responsible for promoting and selling our manufactured goods and producing product literature. The sales group consists of approximately 40 salespeople based in Company locations in Charlotte, Michigan; Brandon, South Dakota; Ephrata, Pennsylvania; Ocala, Florida; and Bristol, Indiana; with 14 additional salespeople located throughout North America and one in South America.
 
Competition
 
The principal methods of building competitive advantages we utilize include short engineering reaction time, custom design capability, high product quality, superior customer service and quick delivery. We compete with companies that manufacture for similar markets, including some divisions of large diversified organizations that have total sales and financial resources exceeding ours. Certain competitors are vertically integrated and manufacture their own chassis and/or apparatuses, although they generally do not sell their chassis to outside customers (other OEMs). Our direct competitors in the emergency vehicle apparatus market are principally smaller manufacturers. Our competition in the delivery and service vehicle market, primarily walk-in vans, comes from a small number of manufacturers.
 
Because of the lack of reliable published statistics, we are unable to state with certainty our position in most of our markets compared to our competitors. The emergency vehicle market and, to a lesser degree, the custom chassis market are fragmented. We believe that no one company has a dominant position in either of those markets. We are the leading manufacturer of walk-in vans in the United States, and believe we have a market share of approximately 50% in this market. The cutaway and truck body markets are highly fragmented, making the determination of our market share difficult. However, we believe we are one of the top five manufacturers of these products in the United States.

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Manufacturing
 
We manufacture our products in six locations in Charlotte, Michigan, Bristol and Wakarusa, Indiana, Brandon, South Dakota, Ephrata, Pennsylvania and Ocala, Florida.
 
Spartan Chassis currently has six principal assembly facilities in Charlotte, Michigan for its custom chassis products. Most of these facilities have been updated over the past few years in order to increase efficiencies and to improve the quality of our manufacturing process. Due to the custom nature of our business, our chassis are built to customer specifications on non-automated assembly lines. Generally, Spartan Chassis designs, engineers and assembles its specialized heavy-duty truck chassis using primarily commercially available components purchased from outside suppliers. This approach facilitates prompt serviceability of finished products, reduces production costs, expedites the development of new products and reduces the potential of costly down time for the end user.
 
Crimson’s products are manufactured and assembled at its manufacturing facility located in Brandon, South Dakota. The chassis for its products are purchased from Spartan Chassis and from outside commercial chassis manufacturers. Crimson’s facilities do not use automated assembly lines since each vehicle is manufactured to meet specifications of an end user customized order. The chassis is rolled down the production line as other components are added and connected. The body is manufactured at the facility with components such as pumps, tanks, and electrical control units purchased from outside suppliers.
 
Crimson Aerials’ products are manufactured and assembled at its manufacturing facility located in Ephrata, Pennsylvania, utilizing a chassis produced by Spartan Chassis. Crimson Aerials also refurbishes aerial ladders and other fire truck components manufactured by it and other manufacturers.
 
Classic Fire’s products are manufactured and assembled at its plant in Ocala, Florida, utilizing mainly commercial chassis to build specialty emergency response vehicles. They also design, engineer and produce pump modules along with Compressed Air Foam Systems (CAFS) to be used in the truck’s multiplex system.
 
Through 2012, Utilimaster’s manufacturing operations were located in Wakarusa, Indiana. During the first quarter of 2013, we completed the move of Utilimaster’s walk-in van production to a new, single building facility in Bristol, Indiana. The move has enabled all walk-in van production to take place in one building, thereby eliminating non value added product movement and increasing manufacturing efficiency. Utilimaster’s truck body production remains in leased facilities in Wakarusa, Indiana. Utilimaster builds commercial vehicles and installs other related equipment on truck chassis. These commercial vehicles are built on an assembly line from engineered structural components, such as floors, roofs, and wall panels. After assembly, Utilimaster installs optional equipment and finishes based on customer specifications. At each step of the manufacturing, installation and finish process, Utilimaster conducts quality control procedures to ensure product and specification integrity.
 
Suppliers
 
We are dedicated to establishing long-term and mutually beneficial relationships with our suppliers. Through these relationships, we benefit from new innovations, higher quality, reduced lead times, smoother/faster manufacturing ramp-up of new vehicle introductions and lower total costs of doing business. The combined buying power of our subsidiaries and a corporate supply chain management initiative allow us to benefit from economies of scale and to focus on a common vision.
 
The single largest commodity directly utilized in production is aluminum, which we purchase under purchase agreements based on forecasted production requirements. To a lesser extent we are dependent upon suppliers of lumber, fiberglass and steel for our manufacturing. We have no significant long-term material supply contracts. There are several readily available sources for the majority of these raw materials. However, we are heavily dependent on specific component part products from a few single source vendors. We maintain a qualification, on-site inspection, assistance, and performance measurement system to control risks associated with reliance on suppliers. We normally do not carry inventories of such raw materials or components in excess of those reasonably required to meet production and shipping schedules. Material and component cost increases are passed on to our customers whenever possible. However, there can be no assurance that there will not be any supply issues over the long-term.

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In the assembly of delivery and service vehicles, we use chassis supplied by third parties, and generally do not purchase these chassis for inventory. For this market, we typically accept shipment of truck chassis owned by dealers or end users, for the purpose of installing and/or manufacturing our specialized commercial vehicles on such chassis. In the event of a labor disruption or other uncontrollable event adversely affecting the limited number of companies which manufacture and/or deliver such commercial truck chassis, Utilimaster’s level of manufacturing could be substantially reduced.

Research and Development
 
Our success depends on our ability to respond quickly to changing market demands and new regulatory requirements. Thus, we emphasize research and development and commit significant resources to develop and adapt new products and production techniques. We dedicate a portion of our facilities to research and development projects and focus on implementing the latest technology from component manufacturers into existing products and manufacturing prototypes of new product lines. We spent $10.9 million, $12.9 million and $13.9 million on research and development in 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively.

Product Warranties
 
Our subsidiaries all provide limited warranties against assembly and construction defects. These warranties generally provide for the replacement or repair of defective parts or workmanship for a specified period following the date of sale. The end users also may receive limited warranties from suppliers of components that are incorporated into our chassis and vehicles. For more information concerning our product warranties, see Note 12,  Commitments and Contingent Liabilities , of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements appearing in this Form 10-K.

Patents, Trademarks and Licenses
 
We have 16 United States patents (provisional and regular), which include rights to the design and structure of chassis and certain peripheral equipment, and have 16 pending patent applications in the United States. The existing patents will expire on various dates from 2016 through 2025 and all are subject to payment of required maintenance fees. We also own 30 United States trademark and service mark registrations. The trademark and service mark registrations are generally renewable under applicable laws, subject to payment of required fees and the filing of affidavits of use. In addition, we have various international trademark applications pending.
 
We believe our products are identified by our trademarks and that our trademarks are valuable assets to all of our business segments. We are not aware of any infringing uses or any prior claims of ownership of our trademarks that could materially affect our business. It is our policy to pursue registration of our primary marks whenever possible and to vigorously defend our patents, trademarks and other proprietary marks against infringement or other threats to the greatest extent practicable under applicable laws.

Environmental Matters
 
Compliance with federal, state and local environmental laws and regulations has not had, nor is it expected to have, a material effect on our capital expenditures, earnings or competitive position.

Associates
 
We employed 1,900 associates as of January 31, 2014, substantially all of which are full-time, including 375 contracted associates. Management presently considers its relations with associates to be positive.

Customer Base
 
In 2013, our customer base included one major customer as defined by sales of more than 10% of total net sales. Sales to Jayco, Inc. in 2013, which is a customer of our Specialty Chassis and Vehicles segment, were $65.1 million.
 
In 2012, our customer base included one major customer as defined by sales of more than 10% of total net sales. Sales to United Parcel Service in 2012, which is a customer of our Delivery and Service Vehicles segment, were $59.1 million.

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In 2011, our customer base included one major customer as defined by sales of more than 10% of total net sales. Sales to United Parcel Service in 2011, which is a customer of our Delivery and Service Vehicles segment, were $73.5 million.
 
Sales to customers classified as major amounted to 13.9%, 12.6% and 17.3% of total revenues in 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively. We do have other significant customers which, if the relationship changes significantly, could have a material adverse impact on our financial position and results of operations. We believe that we have developed strong relationships with our customers and continually work to develop new customers and markets. See related risk factors in Item 1A of this Form 10-K.
 
Sales to customers outside the United States were $33.1 million, $44.2 million and $22.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively, or 7.1%, 9.1% and 5.3%, respectively, of sales for those years. All of our long-lived assets are located in the United States.

Backlog Orders
 
Our backlog orders, by reportable segment are summarized in the following table (in thousands).
 
 	 	December 31, 2013	 	 	December 31, 2012	 	
Emergency Response Vehicles	 	$	156,489	 	 	$	95,769	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Delivery and Service Vehicles	 	 	73,148	 	 	 	39,656	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Specialty Chassis and Vehicles	 	 	13,024	 	 	 	26,600	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total consolidated	 	$	242,661	 	 	$	162,025	 	
 
The increase in our Emergency Response Vehicles backlog is the result of strong order intake for fire truck bodies due to market share gains domestically along with increased international orders, including a $20 million, 70 unit order from Peru. The increase in Delivery and Service Vehicles backlog is due to an increase in major fleet orders, mainly for our Reach TM  commercial van, from the December 31, 2012 level. Of the decrease in Specialty Chassis and Vehicles backlog, approximately $7.5 million is due to a decrease in outstanding aftermarket parts and assemblies orders, $4.0 million is due to the absence of orders for defense related vehicles at December 31, 2013, and the remainder is due to decreased order intake for motor home chassis in the fourth quarter of 2013. We expect to fill all of the backlog orders at December 31, 2013 during 2014.
 
Although the backlog of unfilled orders is one of many indicators of market demand, several factors, such as changes in production rates, available capacity, new product introductions and competitive pricing actions, may affect actual sales. Accordingly, a comparison of backlog from period to period is not necessarily indicative of eventual actual shipments.

Available Information
 
Our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K and other reports (and amendments thereto) filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Securities Exchange Act are available, free of charge, on our internet website ( www.SpartanMotors.com ) as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file or furnish such materials with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
 
The public may read and copy materials that we file with the SEC at the SEC’s Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, NW, Washington, DC 20549. The public may obtain information on the operation of the Public Reference Room by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. The SEC maintains an internet website  (www.sec.gov ) that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC.
 
Item 1A.                   Risk Factors.
 
The Company’s financial condition, results of operations and cash flows are subject to various risks, many of which are not exclusively within the Company’s control that may cause actual performance to differ materially from historical or projected future performance. The risks described below are the risks known to us that we believe could materially affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows. However, these risks may not be the only risks we face. Our business could also be affected by additional factors that are not presently known to us, factors we currently consider to be immaterial to our operations, or factors that emerge as new risks in the future.

9

 
  
We depend on local and municipal governments for a substantial portion of our business.
 
Local and municipal governments are the end customer for a substantial proportion of our products, including custom fire truck chassis, fire truck bodies, aerial ladders and other fire truck related apparatus. These markets are cyclical later in an economic downturn and are heavily impacted by municipal capital spending budgets, which have been negatively impacted by weakened municipal tax revenues. These budgetary constraints may have a significant adverse effect on the overall fire and emergency vehicle market and/or cause a shift in the fire and emergency vehicle market away from highly customized products toward commercially produced vehicles. These changes could result in weakened demand for our products, which may have an adverse impact on our net sales, financial condition, profitability and/or cash flows.

The integration of businesses or assets we have acquired or may acquire in the future involves challenges that could disrupt our business and harm our financial condition.
 
As part of our growth strategy, we have pursued and expect we will continue to selectively pursue, acquisitions of businesses or assets in order to diversify, expand our capabilities, enter new markets, or increase our market share. Integrating any newly acquired business or assets can be expensive and can require a great deal of management time and other resources. If we are unable to successfully integrate the newly acquired businesses with our existing business, we may not realize the synergies we expect from the acquisition, and our business and results of operations would suffer from our current expectations.

Re-configuration or relocation of our production operations could negatively impact our earnings.
 
We may, from time to time, re-configure our production lines or relocate production of products between buildings or locations or to new locations in order to maximize the efficient utilization of our existing production capacity or take advantage of opportunities to increase manufacturing efficiencies, including, but not limited to, the move of our Utilimaster operations. Costs incurred to effect these re-configurations or re-locations may exceed our estimate, and efficiencies gained may be less than anticipated, each of which may have a negative impact on our results of operations and financial position.

Disruptions within our dealer network could adversely affect our business.
 
We rely, for certain of our products, on a network of independent dealers to market, deliver, provide training for, and service our products to and for customers. Our business is influenced by our ability to initiate and manage new and existing relationships with dealers.
 
From time to time, an individual dealer or the Company may choose to terminate the relationship, or the dealership could face financial difficulty leading to failure or difficulty in transitioning to new ownership. In addition, our competitors could engage in a strategy to attempt to acquire or convert a number of our dealers to carry their products. We do not believe our business is dependent on any single dealer, the loss of which would have a sustained material adverse effect upon our business.
 
However, temporary disruption of dealer coverage within a specific local market could temporarily have an adverse impact on our business within the affected market. The loss or termination of a significant number of dealers could cause difficulties in marketing and distributing our products and have an adverse effect on our business, operating results or financial condition. In the event that a dealer in a strategic market experiences financial difficulty, we may choose to provide financial support, such as extending credit, to a dealership, reducing the risk of disruption, but increasing our financial exposure.

We may not be able to successfully implement and manage our growth strategy.
 
Our growth strategy includes expanding existing market share through product innovation, continued expansion into industrial and global markets, and merger or acquisition related activities.

10

 
 
We believe our future success depends in part on our research and development and engineering efforts, our ability to manufacture or source the products and customer acceptance of our products. As it relates to new markets, our success also depends on our ability to create and implement local supply chain, sales and distribution strategies to reach these markets.
 
The potential inability to successfully implement and manage our growth strategy could adversely affect our business and our results of operations. The successful implementation of our growth strategy will depend, in part, on our ability to integrate operations with acquired companies.
 
Our efforts to grow our business in emerging markets are subject to all of these risks plus additional, unique risks. In certain markets, the legal and political environment can be unstable and uncertain which could make it difficult for us to compete successfully and could expose us to liabilities.
 
We also make investments in new business development initiatives which, like many startups, could have a relatively high failure rate. We limit our investments in these initiatives and establish governance procedures to contain the associated risks, but losses could result and may be material. Our growth strategy also may involve acquisitions, joint venture alliances and additional arrangements of distribution. We may not be able to enter into acquisitions or joint venture arrangements on acceptable terms, and we may not successfully integrate these activities into our operations. We also may not be successful in implementing new distribution channels, and changes could create discord in our existing channels of distribution.

When we introduce new products, we may incur expenses that we did not anticipate, such as recall expenses, resulting in reduced earnings.
 
The introduction of new products is critical to our future success. We have additional costs when we introduce new products, such as initial labor or purchasing inefficiencies, but we may also incur unexpected expenses. For example, we may experience unexpected engineering or design issues that will force a recall of a new product or increase production costs of the product above levels needed to ensure profitability. In addition, we may make business decisions that include offering incentives to stimulate the sales of products not adequately accepted by the market, or to stimulate sales of older or less marketable products. The costs resulting from these types of problems could be substantial and have a significant adverse effect on our earnings.

Any negative change in our relationship with our major customers could have significant adverse effects on revenues and profits.
 
Our financial success is directly related to the willingness of our customers to continue to purchase our products. Failure to fill customers’ orders in a timely manner or on the terms and conditions they may impose could harm our relationships with our customers. The importance of maintaining excellent relationships with our major customers may also give these customers leverage in our negotiations with them, including pricing and other supply terms, as well as post-sale disputes. This leverage may lead to increased costs to us or decreased margins. Furthermore, if any of our major customers experience a significant downturn in their business, or fail to remain committed to our products or brands, then these customers may reduce or discontinue purchases from us, which could have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. We had three customers that together accounted for approximately 24% of our total sales in 2013 - any negative change in our relationship with any one of them, or the orders placed by any one of them, could significantly affect our revenues and profits.

11

 
 
We depend on a small group of suppliers for some of our components, and the loss of any of these suppliers could affect our ability to obtain components at competitive prices, which would decrease our sales or earnings.
 
Most chassis, emergency response vehicle, aerial ladder and specialty vehicle commodity components are readily available from a variety of sources. However, a few proprietary or specialty components are produced by a small group of suppliers.
 
In addition, Utilimaster generally does not purchase vehicle chassis for its inventory.  Utilimaster accepts shipments of vehicle chassis owned by dealers or end-users for the purpose of installing and/or manufacturing its specialized truck bodies on such chassis.  There are four primary sources for commercial chassis and Utilimaster has established relationships with all major chassis manufacturers.
 
Changes in our relationships with these suppliers, shortages, production delays or work stoppages by the employees of such suppliers could have a material adverse effect on our ability to timely manufacture our products and secure sales. If we cannot obtain an adequate supply of components or commercial chassis, this could result in a decrease in our sales and earnings.  

Disruption of our supply base could affect our ability to obtain component parts.
 
We increasingly rely on component parts from global sources in order to manufacture our products. Disruption of this supply base due to international political events or natural disasters could affect our ability to obtain component parts at acceptable prices, or at all, and have a negative impact on our sales, results of operations and financial position.

Changes to laws and regulations governing our business could have a material impact on our operations.
 
Our manufactured products and the industries in which we operate are subject to extensive federal and state regulations. Changes to any of these regulations or the implementation of new regulations could significantly increase the costs of manufacturing, purchasing, operating or selling our products and could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations. Our failure to comply with present or future regulations could result in fines, potential civil and criminal liability, suspension of sales or production, or cessation of operations.
 
Certain U.S. tax laws currently afford favorable tax treatment for the purchase and sale of recreational vehicles that are used as the equivalent of second homes. These laws and regulations have historically been amended frequently, and it is likely that further amendments and additional regulations will be applicable to us and our products in the future. Amendments to these laws and regulations and the implementation of new regulations could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.
 
Our operations are subject to a variety of federal and state environmental regulations relating to noise pollution and the use, generation, storage, treatment, emission and disposal of hazardous materials and wastes. Although we believe that we are currently in material compliance with applicable environmental regulations, our failure to comply with present or future regulations could result in fines, potential civil and criminal liability, suspension of production or operations, alterations to the manufacturing process, costly cleanup or capital expenditures.

12

 
 
Our businesses are cyclical and this can lead to fluctuations in our operating results.
 
The industries in which we operate are highly cyclical and there can be substantial fluctuations in our manufacturing shipments and operating results, and the results for any prior period may not be indicative of results for any future period. Companies within these industries are subject to volatility in operating results due to external factors such as economic, demographic and political changes. Factors affecting the manufacture of chassis, emergency response vehicles, aerial ladders, specialty vehicles, delivery and service vehicles and other of our products include but are not limited to:
 
 	●	Interest rates and the availability of financing;	
 	●	Commodity prices;	
 	●	Unemployment trends;	
 	●	International tensions and hostilities;	
 	●	General economic conditions;	
 	●	Various tax incentives;	
 	●	Federal, state and municipal budgets;	
 	●	Strength of the U.S. dollar compared to foreign currencies;	
 	●	Overall consumer confidence and the level of discretionary consumer spending;	
 	●	Dealers’ and manufacturers’ inventory levels; and	
 	●	Fuel availability and prices.	

Economic, legal and other factors could impact our customers’ ability to pay accounts receivable balances due from them.
 
In the ordinary course of business, customers are granted terms related to the sale of goods and services delivered to them. These terms typically include a period of time between when the goods and services are tendered for delivery to the customer and when the customer needs to pay for these goods and services. The amounts due under these payment terms are listed as accounts receivable on our balance sheet. Prior to collection of these accounts receivable, our customers could encounter drops in sales, unexpected increases in expenses, or other factors which could impact their ability to continue as a going concern and which could affect the collectability of these amounts. Writing off uncollectible accounts receivable could have a material adverse effect on our earnings and cash flow as the Company has major customers with material accounts receivable balances at any given time.

Implementing a new enterprise resource planning system could interfere with our business or operations.
 
We are in the process of implementing a new enterprise resource planning (ERP) system. Phase 1 of this implementation is expected to be completed in 2014, with the second and third phases expected to be completed in 2015 and 2016. This project requires significant investment of capital and human resources, the re-engineering of many processes of our business, and the attention of many associates and managers who would otherwise be focused on other aspects of our business. Should the system not be implemented successfully, or if the system does not perform in a satisfactory manner once implementation is complete, our business and operations could be disrupted and our results of operations negatively affected, including our ability to report accurate and timely financial results. 

Global political conditions could have a negative effect on our business.
 
Concerns regarding acts of terrorism, armed conflicts, natural disasters and budget shortfalls have created significant global economic and political uncertainties that may have material and adverse effects on consumer demand (particularly the specialty and motor home markets), shipping and transportation, the availability of manufacturing components, commodity prices and our ability to engage in overseas markets.

13

 
 
Risks associated with international sales and contracts could have a negative effect on our business.
 
In 2013 and 2012 we derived approximately 7.1% and 9.1% of our revenue from sales to, or related to, end customers outside the United States. We expect that international sales will continue to account for an increasing amount of our total revenue, especially in our emergency response chassis and emergency response vehicles businesses. Accordingly we face numerous risks associated with conducting international operations, any of which could negatively affect our financial performance, including, but not limited to, changes in foreign country regulatory requirements, the strength of the U.S. dollar compared to foreign currencies, import/export restrictions, the imposition of foreign tariffs and other trade barriers and disruptions in the shipping of exported products.
 
Additionally, as a U.S. corporation, we are subject to the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, which may place us at a competitive disadvantage to foreign companies that are not subject to similar regulations.

Fuel shortages, or higher prices for fuel, could have a negative effect on sales.
 
Gasoline or diesel fuel is required for the operation of motor homes, emergency response vehicles, delivery and service vehicles and the specialty vehicles we manufacture. Particularly in view of increased international tensions and increased global demand for oil, there can be no assurance that the supply of these petroleum products will continue uninterrupted, that rationing will not be imposed or that the price of or tax on these petroleum products will not significantly increase in the future. Increases in gasoline and diesel prices and speculation about potential fuel shortages have had an unfavorable effect on consumer demand for motor homes from time to time in the past and may continue to do so in the future. This, in turn, has a material adverse effect on our sales volume. Increases in the price of oil also can result in significant increases in the price of many of the components in our products, which may have an adverse impact on margins or sales volumes.

Our operating results may fluctuate significantly on a quarter-to-quarter basis.
 
Our quarterly operating results depend on a variety of factors including, but not limited to, the timing and volume of orders, the completion of product inspections and acceptance by our customers, and various restructuring initiatives that may be undertaken from time to time. In addition, our Utilimaster subsidiary experiences seasonality whereby product shipments in the first and fourth quarters are generally lower than other quarters as a result of the busy holiday delivery operations experienced by some of Utilimaster’s largest customers. Accordingly, our financial results may be subject to significant and/or unanticipated quarter-to-quarter fluctuations.

We could incur asset impairment charges for goodwill, intangible assets or other long-lived assets.
 
We have a significant amount of goodwill, intangible assets and other long-lived assets. At least annually, we review goodwill and non-amortizing intangible assets for impairment. Identifiable intangible assets, goodwill and other long-lived assets are also reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable from future cash flows. In 2013, our Emergency Response Vehicles reporting unit recorded a goodwill impairment charge of $4.9 million as a result of that reporting unit’s failure to meet its forecasted results and an expected decline in its future cash flows from levels previously expected. If the operating performance at one or more of our reporting units fails to meet future forecasts, or if future cash flow estimates decline, we could be required, under current U.S. accounting rules, to record additional impairment charges for our goodwill, intangible assets or other long-lived assets. Any write-off of a material portion of such assets could negatively affect our results of operations or financial position.

Our stock price has been and may continue to be volatile, which may result in losses to our shareholders.
 
The market price of the Company’s common stock has been and may continue to be subject to wide fluctuations in response to, among other things, quarterly fluctuations in operating results, a failure to meet published estimates of or changes in earnings estimates by securities analysts, sales of common stock by existing holders, loss of key personnel, market conditions in our industries, shortages of key product inventory components and general economic conditions.

14

 
 
Credit market developments may reduce availability under our credit agreement.
 
Due to the current volatile state of the credit markets, there is risk that lenders, even those with strong balance sheets and sound lending practices, could fail or refuse to honor their legal commitments and obligations under existing credit commitments. If our lenders fail to honor their legal commitments under our credit facilities, it could be difficult in the current environment to replace our credit facilities on similar terms. Although we believe that our operating cash flow, access to capital markets and existing credit facilities will give us the ability to satisfy our liquidity needs for at least the next 12 months, the failure of any of the lenders under our credit facilities may impact our ability to finance our operating or investing activities.

If there is a rise in the frequency and size of product liability, warranty and other claims against us, including wrongful death claims, our business, results of operations and financial condition may be harmed.
 
We are frequently subject, in the ordinary course of business, to litigation involving product liability and other claims, including wrongful death claims, related to personal injury and warranties. We partially self-insure our product liability claims and purchase excess product liability insurance in the commercial insurance market. We cannot be certain that our insurance coverage will be sufficient to cover all future claims against us. Any increase in the frequency and size of these claims, as compared to our experience in prior years, may cause the premiums that we are required to pay for such insurance to rise significantly. It may also increase the amounts we pay in punitive damages, which may not be covered by our insurance. In addition, a major product recall or increased levels of warranty claims could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.

Increased costs, including costs of raw materials, component parts and labor costs, potentially impacted by changes in labor rates and practices, could reduce our operating income.
 
Our results of operations may be significantly affected by the availability and pricing of manufacturing components and labor, as well as changes in labor rates and practices. Increases in raw materials used in our products could affect the cost of our supply materials and components, as the rising steel and aluminum prices have impacted the cost of certain of the Company’s manufacturing components. Although we attempt to mitigate the effect of any escalation in components and labor costs by negotiating with current or new suppliers and by increasing productivity or, where necessary, by increasing the sales prices of our products, we cannot be certain that we will be able to do so without it having an adverse impact on the competitiveness of our products and, therefore, our sales volume. If we cannot successfully offset increases in our manufacturing costs, this could have a material adverse impact on our margins, operating income and cash flows. Our profit margins may decrease if prices of purchased component parts or labor rates increase and we are unable to pass on those increases to our customers. Even if we were able to offset higher manufacturing costs by increasing the sales prices of our products, the realization of any such increases often lags behind the rise in manufacturing costs, especially in our operations, due in part to our commitment to give our customers and dealers price protection with respect to previously placed customer orders.

 
Item 1B.                   Unresolved Staff Comments.
 
None.

15

 
 
Item 2.                    Properties.
 
The following table sets forth information concerning the properties we own or lease. We consider that our properties are generally in good condition, are well maintained, and are generally suitable and adequate to meet our business requirements for the foreseeable future. In 2013, our manufacturing plants, taken as a whole, operated moderately below capacity.

 	 	Square Footage	 	Owned/Leased	 	Operating Segment	
Manufacturing/Assembly	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Charlotte, Michigan	 	 	295,000	 	Owned	 	Emergency Response/Specialty Chassis and Vehicles	
Charlotte, Michigan	 	 	82,000	 	Owned	 	Delivery and Service Vehicles	
Brandon, South Dakota	 	 	24,000	 	Owned	 	Emergency Response Vehicles	
Brandon, South Dakota	 	 	21,000	 	Leased	 	Emergency Response Vehicles	
Ephrata, Pennsylvania	 	 	45,000	 	Leased	 	Emergency Response Vehicles	
Ocala, Florida	 	 	50,000	 	Leased	 	Emergency Response Vehicles	
Bristol, Indiana	 	 	417,000	 	Leased	 	Delivery and Service Vehicles	
Wakarusa, Indiana	 	 	149,000	 	Leased	 	Delivery and Service Vehicles	
 	 	 	1,083,000	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Warehousing	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Charlotte, Michigan	 	 	130,000	 	Owned	 	Emergency Response/Specialty Chassis and Vehicles	
Brandon, South Dakota	 	 	1,000	 	Owned	 	Emergency Response Vehicles	
Brandon, South Dakota	 	 	3,000	 	Leased	 	Emergency Response Vehicles	
Ephrata, Pennsylvania	 	 	4,500	 	Leased	 	Emergency Response Vehicles	
Ocala, Florida	 	 	10,000	 	Leased	 	Emergency Response Vehicles	
Wakarusa, Indiana	 	 	20,000	 	Leased	 	Delivery and Service Vehicles	
Bristol, Indiana	 	 	35,000	 	Leased	 	Delivery and Service Vehicles	
 	 	 	203,500	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Research and Development	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Charlotte, Michigan	 	 	12,000	 	Owned	 	Emergency Response/Specialty Chassis and Vehicles	
Bristol, Indiana	 	 	3,000	 	Leased	 	Delivery and Service Vehicles	
 	 	 	15,000	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Service Area/Inspection	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Charlotte, Michigan	 	 	58,000	 	Owned	 	Emergency Response/Specialty Chassis and Vehicles	
Brandon, South Dakota	 	 	7,000	 	Leased	 	Emergency Response Vehicles	
 	 	 	65,000	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Offices	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Corporate Offices – Charlotte, MI	 	 	9,000	 	Owned	 	Not Applicable	
Charlotte, Michigan	 	 	122,000	 	Owned	 	Emergency Response/Specialty Chassis and Vehicles	
Brandon, South Dakota	 	 	7,000	 	Owned	 	Emergency Response Vehicles	
Brandon, South Dakota	 	 	3,000	 	Leased	 	Emergency Response Vehicles	
Ephrata, Pennsylvania	 	 	12,500	 	Leased	 	Emergency Response Vehicles	
Ocala, Florida	 	 	3,000	 	Owned	 	Emergency Response Vehicles	
Bristol, Indiana	 	 	36,000	 	Leased	 	Delivery and Service Vehicles	
Wakarusa, Indiana	 	 	5,000	 	Leased	 	Delivery and Service Vehicles	
 	 	 	197,500	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Unutilized	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Charlotte, Michigan	 	 	113,000	 	Owned	 	Not Applicable	
Wakarusa, Indiana (1)	 	 	40,000	 	Owned	 	Not Applicable	
 	 	 	153,000	 	 	 	 	
Total square footage	 	 	1,717,000	 	 	 	 	
 
(1) As of December 31, 2012, the owned office facility in Wakarusa, Indiana has been vacated and is recorded as held-for-sale.

16

 
 
 Item 3.                      Legal Proceedings.
 
At December 31, 2013, we were parties, both as plaintiff or defendant, to a number of lawsuits and claims arising out of the normal conduct of our businesses. Our management does not currently expect our financial position, future operating results or cash flows to be materially affected by the final outcome of these legal proceedings.

Item 4.                      Mine Safety Disclosures.
 
Not applicable
 
PART II
 
Item 5.                     Market For Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Shareholder Matters, and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities .
 
Our common stock is traded on the NASDAQ Global Select Market under the symbol “SPAR.”
 
The following table sets forth the high and low sale prices for our common stock for the periods indicated, all as reported by the NASDAQ Global Select Market:
 
 	 	High	 	 	Low	 	
Year Ended December 31, 2013:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Fourth Quarter	 	$	7.07	 	 	$	5.94	 	
Third Quarter	 	 	6.27	 	 	 	5.47	 	
Second Quarter	 	 	6.18	 	 	 	4.97	 	
First Quarter	 	 	5.80	 	 	 	5.04	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Year Ended December 31, 2012:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Fourth Quarter	 	$	5.33	 	 	$	4.48	 	
Third Quarter	 	 	5.44	 	 	 	4.67	 	
Second Quarter	 	 	5.24	 	 	 	4.08	 	
First Quarter	 	 	6.46	 	 	 	4.82	 	
 
On October 24, 2013 our Board of Directors declared a cash dividend of $0.05 per share of common stock, payable on December 19, 2013 to shareholders of record on November 14, 2013.
 
On May 8, 2013 our Board of Directors declared a cash dividend of $0.05 per share of common stock, which was paid on June 27, 2013 to shareholders of record at the close of business on May 23, 2013.
 
On October 26, 2012, our Board of Directors declared a cash dividend of $0.05 per outstanding share payable on December 13, 2012 to shareholders of record on November 8, 2012.
 
On April 26, 2012 our Board of Directors declared a cash dividend of $0.05 per outstanding share payable on June 14, 2012 to shareholders of record on May 10, 2012.
 
No assurance, however, can be given that any future distributions will be made or, if made, as to the amounts or timing of any future distributions as such distributions are subject to earnings, financial condition, liquidity, capital requirements, and such other factors as our Board of Directors deems relevant. The number of shareholders of record (excluding participants in security position listings) of our common stock on February 28, 2014 was 351. See Item 12 below for information concerning our equity compensation plans.

17

 
 
The following graph compares the cumulative total stockholder return on our common stock with the cumulative total return on the Nasdaq Composite Index, the CRSP Trucking and Transportation Index and a company-selected peer group for the period beginning on December 31, 2008 and ending on the last day of 2013. The graph assumes an investment of $100 in our stock, the two indices and the company-selected peer group on December 31, 2008, and further assumes the reinvestment of all dividends. Stock price performance, presented for the period from December 31, 2008 to December 31, 2013, is not necessarily indicative of future results.
 
The company-selected peer group was determined based on a custom peer group of companies in the specialty manufacturing and automotive industries, against whom we compete for sales or management talent, that were identified for the purpose of benchmarking officer salaries. The company-selected peer group includes: Terex Corporation; Oshkosh  Corporation; Federal Signal Corporation; Supreme Industries, Inc.; Miller Industries, Inc.; Navistar International Corporation; Alamo Group, Inc.; Thor Industries, Inc.; Drew Industries, Inc.; Winnebago Industries, Inc.; and Rosenbaur International.

 	 	12/31/2008	 	 	12/31/2009	 	 	12/31/2010	 	 	12/31/2011	 	 	12/31/2012	 	 	12/31/2013	 	
Spartan Motors, Inc.	 	$	100.00	 	 	$	121.83	 	 	$	134.22	 	 	$	107.95	 	 	$	112.72	 	 	$	156.07	 	
NASDAQ Stock Market	 	$	100.00	 	 	$	145.32	 	 	$	171.51	 	 	$	170.05	 	 	$	199.67	 	 	$	279.75	 	
Peer Group	 	$	100.00	 	 	$	188.16	 	 	$	237.03	 	 	$	152.03	 	 	$	195.84	 	 	$	316.86	 	
 
The stock price performance graph and related information shall not be deemed “filed” with the Securities and Exchange Commission, nor shall such information be incorporated by reference by any general statement incorporating by reference this annual report on Form 10-K into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933 or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, each as amended, except to the extent that we specifically incorporate this information by reference.

18

 
 
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
 
A summary of our purchases of our common stock during the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2013 is as follows:

Period	 	
Total
Number of
Shares
Purchased	 	 	

Average
Price Paid
per Share	 	 	Total Number of
Shares Purchased
as Part of Publicly
Announced Plans
or Programs (1)	 	 	
Number of Shares that
May Yet Be Purchased
Under the Plans
or Programs	 	
Oct. 1, 2013 to Oct. 31, 2013	 	 	161	(2)	 	 	6.55	 	 	 	--	 	 	 	1,000,000	 	
Nov. 1, 2013 to Nov. 30, 2013	 	 	--	 	 	 	--	 	 	 	--	 	 	 	1,000,000	 	
Dec. 1, 2013 to Dec. 31, 2013	 	 	--	 	 	 	--	 	 	 	--	 	 	 	1,000,000	 	
Total	 	 	--	 	 	 	--	 	 	 	--	 	 	 	1,000,000	 	
 
 	(1)	On October 19, 2011, the Board of Directors authorized management to repurchase up to a total of 1.0 million shares of its common stock in open market transactions, contingent upon market conditions. Repurchase of common stock is based on management’s assessment of market conditions. If the Company was to repurchase the full 1.0 million shares of stock under the repurchase program, it would cost the Company approximately $5.7 million based on the closing price of the Company’s stock on February 28, 2014. The Company believes that it has sufficient resources to fund any potential stock buyback in which it may engage.	
 
 	(2)	During the quarter ended December 31, 2013 there were 161 shares delivered by associates in satisfaction of tax withholding obligations that occurred upon the vesting of restricted shares. These shares are not repurchased pursuant to the Board of Directors authorization disclosed above.	

19

 

Item 6.                      Selected Financial Data.
 
The selected financial data shown below for each of the five years in the period ended December 31, 2013 has been derived from our Consolidated Financial Statements. The following data should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and related Notes thereto and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” included in this Form 10-K.
 
Five-Year Operating and Financial Summary
(In Thousands, Except Per Share Data)
 
 	 	2013	 	 	2012	 	 	2011	 	 	2010	 	 	2009	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	(1)	 	 	 	(2)	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Sales	 	$	469,538	 	 	$	470,577	 	 	$	426,010	 	 	$	480,736	 	 	$	409,538	 	
Cost of products sold	 	 	416,475	 	 	 	405,455	 	 	 	363,662	 	 	 	407,201	 	 	 	328,305	 	
Restructuring charge	 	 	-	 	 	 	6,514	 	 	 	1,731	 	 	 	990	 	 	 	264	 	
Gross profit	 	 	53,063	 	 	 	58,608	 	 	 	60,617	 	 	 	72,545	 	 	 	80,969	 	
Operating expenses:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Research and development	 	 	10,911	 	 	 	12,873	 	 	 	13,931	 	 	 	16,912	 	 	 	16,962	 	
Selling, general and administrative	 	 	45,495	 	 	 	45,707	 	 	 	44,305	 	 	 	43,869	 	 	 	42,448	 	
Goodwill impairment	 	 	4,855	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	
Restructuring charge	 	 	-	 	 	 	2,619	 	 	 	1,050	 	 	 	1,006	 	 	 	576	 	
Operating income (loss)	 	 	(8,198	)	 	 	(2,591	)	 	 	1,331	 	 	 	10,758	 	 	 	20,983	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Other income (expense), net	 	 	348	 	 	 	234	 	 	 	(48	)	 	 	(506	)	 	 	(805	)	
Income (loss) from continuing operations before taxes	 	 	(7,850	)	 	 	-	 	 	 	1,283	 	 	 	10,252	 	 	 	20,178	 	
Income tax expense (benefit) from continuing operations	 	 	(1,881	)	 	 	100	 	 	 	510	 	 	 	3,017	 	 	 	7,023	 	
Net earnings (loss) from continuing operations	 	 	(5,969	)	 	 	(2,457	)	 	 	773	 	 	 	7,235	 	 	 	13,155	 	
Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax	 	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	(3,094	)	 	 	(1,383	)	
Less: Net income attributable to non-controlling interest	 	 	2	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net earnings (loss) attributable to Spartan Motors, Inc.	 	$	(5,971	)	 	$	(2,457	)	 	$	773	 	 	$	4,141	 	 	$	11,772	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Basic earnings (loss) per share from continuing operations	 	$	(0.18	)	 	$	(0.07	)	 	$	0.02	 	 	$	0.22	 	 	$	0.40	 	
Basic loss per share from discontinued operations	 	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	(0.09	)	 	 	(0.04	)	
Basic earnings (loss) per share	 	$	(0.18	)	 	$	(0.07	)	 	$	0.02	 	 	$	0.13	 	 	$	0.36	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Diluted earnings (loss) per share from continuing operations	 	$	(0.18	)	 	$	( 0.07	)	 	$	0.02	 	 	$	0.22	 	 	$	1.40	 	
Diluted loss per share from discontinued operations	 	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	(0.09	)	 	 	(0.04	)	
Diluted earnings (loss) per share	 	$	(0.18	)	 	$	( 0.07	)	 	$	0.02	 	 	$	0.13	 	 	$	0.36	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Cash dividends per common share	 	$	0.10	 	 	$	0.10	 	 	$	0.10	 	 	$	0.10	 	 	$	0.13	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Basic weighted average common shares outstanding	 	 	33,550	 	 	 	33,165	 	 	 	33,438	 	 	 	33,021	 	 	 	32,729	 	
Diluted weighted average common shares outstanding	 	 	33,550	 	 	 	33,165	 	 	 	33,488	 	 	 	33,101	 	 	 	32,916	 	
Balance Sheet Data:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net working capital	 	$	100,575	 	 	$	98,833	 	 	$	98,673	 	 	$	98,230	 	 	$	119,737	 	
Total assets	 	 	253,282	 	 	 	245,151	 	 	 	248,609	 	 	 	241,749	 	 	 	293,277	 	
Long-term debt, including current portion	 	 	5,340	 	 	 	5,289	 	 	 	5,139	 	 	 	5,224	 	 	 	46,350	 	
Shareholders’ equity	 	 	171,551	 	 	 	178,729	 	 	 	182,838	 	 	 	182,979	 	 	 	180,520	 	
 
(1)
 	On September 20, 2010 we completed the sale of substantially all of the assets of our Road Rescue, Inc. subsidiary. Accordingly, the results of operations for Road Rescue were reclassified into discontinued operations for 2010 and prior years.	
 	 	
(2)	Effective November 30, 2009, we acquired Utilimaster Corporation. The information shown for 2009 includes the results of operations for Utilimaster Corporation for the month of December 2009, and the balance sheet data reflects such acquisition and changes to our debt facilities made in connection with this acquisition.	

20

 
 
Item 7.                     Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
 
General
 
Spartan Motors, Inc. was organized as a Michigan corporation on September 18, 1975, and is headquartered in Charlotte, Michigan. Spartan Motors began development of its first product that same year and shipped its first fire truck chassis in October 1975.
 
We are known as a leading, niche market engineer and manufacturer in the heavy-duty, custom vehicles marketplace. We have five wholly owned operating subsidiaries: Spartan Motors Chassis, Inc., located at the corporate headquarters in Charlotte, Michigan (“Spartan Chassis”); Crimson Fire, Inc. located in Brandon, South Dakota (“Crimson”); Crimson Fire Aerials, Inc., located in Ephrata, Pennsylvania (“Crimson Aerials”); Utilimaster Corporation, located in Wakarusa and Bristol, Indiana (“Utilimaster”); and Classic Fire, LLC (“Classic Fire”), located in Ocala, Florida. We are also a participant in a joint venture, Spartan-Gimaex Innovations, LLC (“Spartan-Gimaex”), with Gimaex Holding, Inc.
 
Spartan Chassis is a leading designer, engineer and manufacturer of custom heavy-duty chassis. The chassis consist of a frame assembly, engine, transmission, electrical system, running gear (wheels, tires, axles, suspension and brakes) and, for fire trucks and some specialty chassis applications, a cab. Spartan Chassis customers are original equipment manufacturers (“OEMs”) who complete their heavy-duty vehicle product by mounting the body or apparatus on our chassis. Crimson engineers and manufactures fire trucks built on chassis platforms purchased from either Spartan Chassis or outside sources. Crimson Aerials engineers and manufactures aerial ladder components for fire trucks. Classic Fire engineers and manufactures fire trucks that are built primarily on commercial chassis and offered at a lower price point for use as brush trucks, urban interface, tankers and smaller rescues. Spartan-Gimaex is a 50/50 joint venture that was formed to leverage the complementary footprints, capabilities, brands, technologies and product portfolios of both companies to enable technology sharing, joint product development, commercial agreements and additional purchasing leverage, with the goal of enabling both companies to amass a true global presence in the emergency response vehicle market. Utilimaster is a leading manufacturer of specialty vehicles made to customer specifications in the delivery and service market, including walk-in vans and hi-cube vans, as well as truck bodies.
 
Our business strategy is to further diversify product lines and develop innovative design, engineering and manufacturing expertise in order to be the best value producer of custom vehicle products. Our diversification across several sectors provides numerous opportunities while minimizing overall risk. Additionally, our business model provides the agility to quickly respond to market needs, take advantage of strategic opportunities when they arise and correctly size operations to ensure stability and growth.
 
We have an innovative team focused on building lasting relationships with our customers. This is accomplished by striving to deliver premium custom vehicles, vehicle components, and services. We believe we can best carry out our long-term business plan and obtain optimal financial flexibility by using a combination of borrowings under our credit facilities, as well as internally or externally generated equity capital, as sources of expansion capital.

Recent Acquisition
 
In furthering our strategy to diversify our products offered in the emergency vehicle business, we acquired Classic Fire on April 1, 2011, as more fully described in Note 2,  Acquisition Activities , in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements appearing in Item 8 of this Form 10-K. Classic Fire is a manufacturer of emergency response vehicles and firefighting apparatus. The acquisition of Classic Fire has enabled us to expand our product offerings into lower price-points that complement our offerings from Spartan Chassis, Crimson and Crimson Aerials. In addition, Classic Fire has provided strategic sourcing of pump modules and other technology.

21

 
 
Executive Overview
 
Revenue in 2013 was $469.5 million, which reflected a decrease of $1.1 million or 0.2% from 2012 revenue of $470.6 million. A sharp decrease in revenue in our Delivery and Service Vehicles segment, driven by a decrease in sales of aftermarket parts, was largely offset by increases in our Specialty Chassis and Vehicles segment as a result of an increase in motor home and bus unit volumes and in our Emergency Response Vehicles segment due to a favorable sales mix and pricing changes. Gross margin was 11.3% in 2013, compared to 12.5% in 2012, driven by a product mix in 2013 that included a higher proportion of vehicles compared to 2012 which included high levels of parts sales in our Delivery and Service Vehicle segment. Operating expenses in 2013 were $61.3 million, or 13.0% of sales, compared to $61.2 million or 13.0% of sales in 2012, with decreases of $2.6 million in restructuring charges, $2.0 million in research and development expense and $0.2 million of other general and administrative items in 2013 offset by a $4.9 million goodwill impairment charge. Net loss for 2013 was $6.0 million, or $0.18 per share, compared to a net loss of $2.5 million, or $0.07 per share in 2012. Cash flow remained strong, generating $13.0 million from operations in 2013, which helped to offset uses of cash from investing activities, primarily related to purchases of property, plant, and equipment, and financing activities, primarily the payment of dividends. Our balance sheet remains strong with low debt and access to financing sufficient to fund our initiatives for the foreseeable future.
 
The following table shows our sales by market for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011 as a percentage of total sales:
 
 	 	2013	 	 	2012	 	 	2011	 	
Emergency response chassis	 	 	17.8	%	 	 	17.8	%	 	 	19.0	%	
Emergency response bodies	 	 	17.4	%	 	 	16.7	%	 	 	17.2	%	
Defense and government	 	 	0.9	%	 	 	0.3	%	 	 	2.8	%	
Aftermarket parts and assemblies	 	 	5.2	%	 	 	4.4	%	 	 	5.7	%	
Total government	 	 	41.3	%	 	 	39.2	%	 	 	44.7	%	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Motor home chassis	 	 	19.2	%	 	 	15.3	%	 	 	15.5	%	
Delivery and service	 	 	38.2	%	 	 	44.2	%	 	 	38.9	%	
Other vehicles	 	 	1.3	%	 	 	1.3	%	 	 	0.9	%	
Total business/consumer	 	 	58.7	%	 	 	60.8	%	 	 	55.3	%	
 
We continue to focus on diversifying our revenues by expanding our sales in the delivery and service market, pursuing new commercial opportunities through our alliance with Isuzu and pursuing strategic acquisitions that enable us to expand into existing or new markets as opportunities occur.

 
22

 
 
We are well positioned to take advantage of long-term opportunities as a result of:
 
 	●	Our diversified business model. We believe the major strength of our business model is market diversity and customization, with an expanding product offering in emergency response vehicles as well as delivery and service vehicles. The delivery and service vehicle market is an early-cycle industry, complementary to the late-cycle emergency response vehicle industry. We intend to continue to pursue additional areas that build on our core competencies in order to further diversify our business.	
 	 	 	
 	●	The move of our Utilimaster subsidiary’s walk-in van production to a new, single building facility that will result in greater manufacturing flexibility and efficiency, higher product quality and lower operating costs. Operating in this new facility has reduced the distance a vehicle travels during assembly from 2.5 miles previously to less than one-half mile today and has eliminated a number of non-value added production steps.	
 	 	 	
 	●	A new Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system that we began implementing in late 2011, with expected go-live for various modules and subsidiaries through 2016. This new ERP system will provide information on a more timely and granular basis, which will enable management to make informed decisions using up to the minute information. In addition the new ERP system is expected to result in meaningful cost savings through re-engineered and streamlined processes that will impact all aspects of our operations.	
 	 	 	
 	●	The Spartan Advanced Protection System (APS), a pioneering blend of industry-first airbag and safety belt protections that make occupants safer than ever before. The APS offers eight airbags, including officer and driver knee airbags and a rear side curtain which is larger than any other system on the road, along with a restraint control module deploying advanced motion sensors around the cab perimeter and advanced seat belts with pretensioning and load limiting.	
 	 	 	
 	●	Our joint venture with Gimaex. This 50/50 JV was formed to leverage the complementary footprints, capabilities, brands, technologies and product portfolios of both companies, and will encompass technology sharing, joint product development, commercial agreements and additional purchasing leverage, with the goal of enabling both companies to amass a true global presence.	
 	 	 	
 	●	The Spartan One-Touch Rapid Compressed Air Foam System (CAFS). Spartan engineering has incorporated smart electronics and developed an exclusive plumbing design to deliver the unique, easy to use, One-Touch Rapid CAFS.	
 	 	 	
 	●
 	Our ability to react swiftly when challenges arise and respond nimbly when opportunities arise, as demonstrated by our aggressive cost realignment in 2011 and 2012 and our past ramp up on defense initiatives. We remain focused on keeping costs aligned with sales levels and are continuing efforts to identify cost reduction opportunities.	
 	 	 	
 	●	The strength of our balance sheet, which includes robust working capital, low debt and access to credit through our revolving line of credit and private shelf agreement.	
 
We expect sales of our emergency response vehicles to increase substantially in 2014 as a result of strong order intake throughout 2013 and the receipt of a fire truck order from Peru in the fourth quarter of 2013 that is expected to generate more than $20 million of revenue in 2014. Sales in our Delivery and Service Vehicles segment are expected to increase modestly in 2014 compared to the levels achieved in 2013 due to higher shipments of our Reach  TM  commercial van, a full year of production at our Bristol facility and a recovery in the truck body market. We expect 2014 sales in our Specialty Chassis and Vehicles segment to be flat with 2013. Our Delivery and Service Vehicles and Specialty Chassis and Vehicles segments are expected to be profitable in 2014, although we expect the operating income in our Specialty Chassis and Vehicles segment to be lower than 2013 due to planned investments to expand its distribution network and develop new motor home chassis. We expect our Emergency Response Vehicles segment to generate an operating loss in the first half of 2014, but be profitable in the second half and for the year as a whole. On a consolidated basis, we expect to report net losses in the first and second quarters, but to be profitable in the second half of 2014 and for the year as a whole. Please see “Forward-Looking Statements” above for important information regarding the disclosure of our expectations.
 
The following section provides a narrative discussion about our financial condition and results of operations. The comments that follow should be read in conjunction with our Consolidated Financial Statements and related Notes thereto appearing in Item 8 of this Form 10-K.

23

 
 
Results of Operations
 
The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, the components of our consolidated statements of income, as a percentage of revenues (percentages may not sum due to rounding):
 
 	 	Year Ended December 31,	 	
 	 	2013	 	 	2012	 	 	2011	 	
Sales	 	 	100.0	 	 	 	100.0	 	 	 	100.0	 	
Cost of products sold	 	 	88.7	 	 	 	87.5	 	 	 	85.8	 	
Gross profit	 	 	11.3	 	 	 	12.5	 	 	 	14.2	 	
Operating expenses:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Research and development	 	 	2.3	 	 	 	2.7	 	 	 	3.4	 	
Selling, general and administrative	 	 	11.0	 	 	 	10.3	 	 	 	10.5	 	
Operating income (loss)	 	 	(1.7	)	 	 	(0.6	)	 	 	0.3	 	
Other expense, net	 	 	0.1	 	 	 	--	 	 	 	--	 	
Earnings (loss) before taxes on income	 	 	(1.7	)	 	 	(0.5	)	 	 	0.3	 	
Taxes on income	 	 	(0.4	)	 	 	--	 	 	 	0.1	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net earnings (loss)	 	 	(1.3	)	 	 	(0.5	)	 	 	0.2	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Non-controlling interest	 	 	--	 	 	 	--	 	 	 	--	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net earnings (loss) attributable to Spartan Motors, Inc.	 	 	(1.3	)	 	 	(0.5	)	 	 	0.2	 	
 
During 2013 we recorded a $4.9 million impairment charge related to goodwill in our Emergency Response Vehicles segment. During 2012 and 2011, we undertook restructuring activities as the result of the planned move of our Utilimaster operations from Wakarusa, Indiana to Bristol, Indiana and to help align expenses with current and future revenue expectations. Restructuring charges incurred in 2012 and 2011 were $9.1 million and $2.8 million. No restructuring charges were recorded during 2013. During 2012 and 2011, we incurred $2.9 million and $1.0 million, respectively, of expense due to changes in the fair value of the contingent liability for earn-out consideration related to our Utilimaster acquisition in 2009.

Year Ended December 31, 2013 compared to Year Ended December 31, 2012
 
Consolidated sales for the year ended December 31, 2013 decreased by $1.1 million, or 0.2%, to $469.5 million in 2013 from $470.6 million in 2012, driven by a decrease of $29.0 million in our Delivery and Service Vehicles segment. This decrease was largely offset by increases in revenues of $25.2 million in our Specialty Chassis and Vehicles segment and $2.8 million in our Emergency Response Vehicles segment. These changes in revenue are discussed more fully below in the description of our segments.
 
Cost of products sold increased by $4.5 million or 1.1% to $416.5 million in 2013 from $412.0 million in 2012. $7.7 million of this increase was due to a sales mix that favored products with higher material content while $3.3 million was due to unfavorable overhead absorption, mainly due to inefficiencies related to the start-up of production at our Bristol, Indiana facility. These increases were partially offset by the absence of restructuring charges in 2013 compared to the $6.5 million incurred in 2012, mainly related to the planned relocation of our Utilimaster walk-in van production from Wakarusa, Indiana to Bristol, Indiana.
 
Gross margin decreased by 120 basis points to 11.3% in 2013 from 12.5% in 2012. 180 basis points of this decrease was due to the unfavorable product mix in 2013, with 80 basis points due to the unfavorable overhead absorption in 2013. These decreases were offset by a 140 basis point increase due to the absence of restructuring charges in 2013.
 
Operating expenses for the year ended December 31, 2013 were flat with 2012. Research and development expense decreased by $2.0 million in 2013, with $1.0 million of the decrease due to lower development engineering costs on the Reach TM  commercial van in 2013. The completion of the Spartan Advanced Protection System airbag system in 2012 accounted for an additional $1.0 million of the decrease. Selling, general and administrative expenses in 2013 were flat with 2012. During 2013, operating expenses included a $4.9 million impairment charge related to goodwill acquired with the purchase of Crimson Fire and Classic Fire. See Note 6,  Goodwill and Intangible Assets  in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements appearing in Item 8 of this Form 10-K for more information on our goodwill. Operating expenses in 2012 included $2.6 million in restructuring charges, mainly related to the planned move of our Utilimaster operations to Bristol, Indiana, that did not recur in 2013.

24

 
 
Income taxes for the year ended December 31, 2013 decreased by $2.0 million to $(1.9) million, compared to $0.1 million in 2012, driven by the higher pre-tax loss in 2013. $0.7 million of tax expense incurred in 2012 due to the impact of non-deductible expenses was offset by $0.7 million of tax expense incurred in 2013 related to an adjustment to the valuation of various deferred tax assets. Our effective tax rate in 2013 was 24.0%, compared to (4.2)% in 2012. Our effective tax rate in 2013 was impacted by the inclusion of expense related to the adjustment to deferred tax assets, while our effective rate in 2012 was heavily impacted by non-deductible expenses, mainly the $2.9 million Utilimaster earn-out contingency provision recorded in 2012. See Note 7,  Taxes on Income  in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements appearing in Item 8 of this Form 10-K for more information on our income tax expense and effective tax rate.
 
Net loss for the year ended December 31, 2013 increased by $3.5 million to a net loss of $6.0 million in 2013 compared to a net loss of $2.5 million in 2012. On a per share basis, net loss increased by $0.11 to a net loss of $0.18 per share in 2013 from a net loss of $0.07 per share in 2012. Our net loss increased due to the unfavorable product mix, unfavorable overhead absorption and goodwill impairment charge incurred in 2013, partially offset by the absence of restructuring charges compared to 2012.

Year Ended December 31, 2012 compared to Year Ended December 31, 2011
 
Consolidated sales for the year ended December 31, 2012 increased by $44.6 million or 10.5% from $426.0 million in 2011 to $470.6 million in 2012, driven by increases of $42.7 million in our Delivery and Service Vehicles segment and $7.6 million in our Emergency Response Vehicles segment. These increases were partially offset by a decrease in revenues of $5.7 million in our Specialty Chassis and Vehicles segment. These changes in revenue are discussed more fully below in the description of our segments.
 
Cost of products sold increased by $46.6 million or 12.7% from $365.4 million in 2011 to $412.0 million in 2012, driven by the increase in sales volume. Restructuring charges recorded within cost of products sold in 2012 were $6.5 million, mainly related to the planned relocation of our Utilimaster operations from Wakarusa, Indiana to Bristol, Indiana, compared to restructuring charges of $1.7 million recorded within cost of products sold in 2011.
 
Gross margin decreased by 170 basis points to 12.5% in 2012 from 14.2% in 2011, mainly due to higher restructuring costs in 2012, which accounted for approximately 100 basis points of the decrease. The remainder of the decrease is attributed to a change in product mix with lower margin delivery and service vehicles accounting for a larger percentage of consolidated sales in 2012 as compared to 2011. 
 
Operating expenses for the year ended December 31, 2012 increased by $1.9 million to $61.2 million in 2012 from $59.3 million in 2011. Increases of $1.6 million in restructuring charges incurred in 2012, mainly related to the planned move of Utilimaster to Bristol, Indiana along with $1.9 million in additional charges related to an earn-out contingency for the 2009 Utilimaster purchase were partially offset by savings from restructuring initiatives undertaken early in 2012 and in prior years.
 
Income taxes for the year ended December 31, 2012 decreased by $0.4 million to $0.1 million, compared to $0.5 million in 2011. Our effective tax rate in 2012 was (4.2)%, compared to 39.8% in 2011 when we recorded income before taxes. Our effective tax rate in 2012 was heavily impacted by non-deductible expenses, mainly the $2.9 million Utilimaster earn-out contingency provision recorded in 2012. See Note 7,  Taxes on Income  in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements appearing in Item 8 of this Form 10-K for more information on our income tax expense and effective tax rate.
 
Net earnings for the year ended December 31, 2012 decreased by $3.3 million to a net loss of $2.5 million in 2012 compared to net earnings of $0.8 million in 2011. On a per diluted share basis, net earnings decreased by $0.09 to a net loss of $0.07 per share in 2012 from net income of $0.02 per share in 2011. Net loss in 2012 includes an additional $4.0 million in restructuring charges (net of tax impact) and $1.9 million in Utilimaster earn-out contingency provisions (net of tax impact) over the amounts recorded in 2011.
  
Our Segments
 
We identify our reportable segments based on our management structure and the financial data utilized by our chief operating decision maker to assess segment performance and allocate resources among our operating units. We have three reportable segments: Emergency Response Vehicles, Delivery and Service Vehicles, and Specialty Chassis and Vehicles.

25

 
 
Our Emergency Response Vehicles segment consists of the operations of our Crimson, Crimson Aerials, Classic Fire and Spartan-Gimaex subsidiaries and the emergency response chassis operations of Spartan Chassis. This segment engineers and manufactures emergency response chassis, emergency response bodies and aerial equipment.
 
Our Delivery and Service Vehicles segment consists of Utilimaster and focuses on designing and manufacturing walk-in vans for the delivery and service market and the production of commercial truck bodies, and distribute related aftermarket parts and assemblies.
 
Our Specialty Chassis and Vehicles segment consists of the Spartan Chassis and Vehicles operations that engineer, manufacture or assemble motor home chassis, defense vehicles and other specialty chassis and distribute related aftermarket parts and assemblies.
 
For certain financial information related to each segment, see Note 15, Business Segments, of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements appearing in Item 8 of this Form 10-K.

Emergency Response Vehicles

Segment Financial Data – In Thousands
 	 	Year Ended December 31,	 	
 	 	2013	 	 	2012	 	 	2011	 	
 	 	Amount	 	 	Percentage	 	 	Amount	 	 	Percentage	 	 	Amount	 	 	Percentage	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Sales	 	$	165,087	 	 	 	100.0	%	 	$	162,320	 	 	 	100.0	%	 	$	154,766	 	 	 	100.0	%	
Operating Income (loss)	 	$	(7,664	)	 	 	-4.6	%	 	$	(2,951	)	 	 	-1.8	%	 	$	(95	)	 	 	-0.1	%	
Segment assets	 	$	80,540	 	 	 	 	 	 	$	77,806	 	 	 	 	 	 	$	68,044	 	 	 	 	 	

Year ended December 31, 2013 compared to year ended December 31, 2012
 
Sales in our Emergency Response Vehicles segment increased by $2.8 million, or 1.7%, from 2012 to 2013, as an increase of $14.0 million due to a favorable sales mix and pricing changes were partially offset by an $11.2 million decrease due to lower unit volumes in both chassis and bodies. International sales accounted for 12.9% of revenue in our Emergency Response Vehicles segment in 2013 and 18.7% in 2012.
 
Operating loss in the segment increased by $4.7 million mainly due to a $4.9 million goodwill impairment charge.
 
Backlog for our Emergency Response Vehicles segment increased by $60.7 million or 63.4% to $156.5 million in 2013 compared to $95.8 million in 2012. This increase is the result of strong order intake for fire truck bodies due to market share gains domestically along with increased international orders, including a $20 million, 70 unit order from Peru.

Year ended December 31, 2012 compared to year ended December 31, 2011
 
Sales in our Emergency Response Vehicles segment increased by 4.9% from 2011 to 2012, due to increases in unit volumes in both chassis and bodies, driven by increased international sales, primarily in South America. International sales in our Emergency Response Vehicles segment accounted for18.7% of revenue in 2012 and 2.7% in 2011. There were no significant changes in the pricing of the products in our Emergency Response Vehicles segment during 2012.
 
Operating loss in the segment increased by $2.9 million due to an approximately $1.2 million expenditure related to development of our APS (Advanced Protection System) airbag system, with the remainder due to the impact of labor inefficiencies as production ramped up to meet higher order volume in the third and fourth quarters.
  
Backlog for our Emergency Response Vehicles segment increased by $21.8 million or 29.5% to $95.8 million in 2012 compared to $74.0 million in 2011, driven by an increase in international sales.  

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Delivery and Service Vehicles
 
Segment Financial Data – In Thousands
 	 	Year Ended December 31,	 	
 	 	2013	 	 	2012	 	 	2011	 	
 	 	Amount	 	 	Percentage	 	 	Amount	 	 	Percentage	 	 	Amount	 	 	Percentage	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Sales	 	$	179,209	 	 	 	100.0	%	 	$	208,230	 	 	 	100.0	%	 	$	165,526	 	 	 	100.0	%	
Operating Income (loss)	 	$	(3,942	)	 	 	-2.2	%	 	$	6,035	 	 	 	2.9	%	 	$	10,040	 	 	 	6.1	%	
Segment assets	 	$	78,654	 	 	 	 	 	 	$	73,567	 	 	 	 	 	 	$	80,674	 	 	 	 	 	
 
Year ended December 31, 2013 compared to year ended December 31, 2012
 
Sales in our Delivery and Service Vehicles segment decreased by $29.0 million, or 13.9%, in 2013 compared to 2012. This decrease was due to a $35.5 million decrease in aftermarket parts and field service sales as a result of the decrease in keyless entry system sales after the first half of 2012. Partially offsetting this decrease was a $6.5 million increase in vehicle sales, primarily the Reach  TM  commercial van. There were no changes in the pricing of products sold by our Delivery and Service Vehicles segment that had a significant impact on our financial statements when comparing 2013 to 2012.
 
Operating income in 2013 decreased by $9.9 million to an operating loss of $3.9 million compared to operating income of $6.0 million in 2012. $8.3 million of this decrease was due to an unfavorable sales mix, with 2013 sales including a lower proportion of higher margin aftermarket parts compared to 2012, while approximately $3.6 million of the decrease was due to overall lower sales levels in 2013. Inefficiencies associated with the ramp up of production at our Bristol, Indiana facility contributed $5.8 million to the decrease. Partially offsetting these decreases was the absence of restructuring charges in 2013 compared to the $7.8 million incurred in 2012.
 
Backlog for our Delivery and Service Vehicles segment increased by $33.4 million, or 84.4%, to $73.1 million in 2013 compared to $39.7 million in 2012, driven by an increase in orders for the Reach  TM  commercial van.
 
Year ended December 31, 2012 compared to year ended December 31, 2011
 
Sales in our Delivery and Service Vehicles segment increased by $42.7 million, or 25.8%, in 2012 compared to 2011, driven by higher unit volume, a favorable product mix and increased aftermarket parts and field service sales. Higher unit volume accounted for $26.0 million of the sales increase from 2011 to 2012, with higher aftermarket parts sales contributing $11.4 million to the increase as we continued a high level of shipments of our keyless entry systems in the first half of 2012. A product mix in 2012 that favored higher content walk in vans and truck bodies compared to those produced in 2011 contributed approximately $3.6 million to the sales increase. Price increases, which were mainly the result of higher material costs, contributed $1.7 million to the overall revenue increase in 2012.
 
Operating income in 2012 decreased by $4.0 million or 39.9% from that reported in 2011. The main driver of this decrease was $7.8 million in restructuring charges incurred in 2012, which was partially offset by increased sales levels which resulted in favorable absorption of overhead and fixed expenses when compared to 2011.

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Specialty Chassis and Vehicles
 
Segment Financial Data – In Thousands
 	 	Year Ended December 31,	 	
 	 	2013	 	 	2012	 	 	2011	 	
 	 	Amount	 	 	Percentage	 	 	Amount	 	 	Percentage	 	 	Amount	 	 	Percentage	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Sales	 	$	125,242	 	 	 	100.0	%	 	$	100,027	 	 	 	100.0	%	 	$	105,718	 	 	 	100.0	%	
Operating Income (loss)	 	$	10,030	 	 	 	8.0	%	 	$	2,198	 	 	 	2.2	%	 	$	(2,300	)	 	 	-2.2	%	
Segment assets	 	$	24,399	 	 	 	 	 	 	$	27,565	 	 	 	 	 	 	$	23,163	 	 	 	 	 	

Year ended December 31, 2013 compared to year ended December 31, 2012
 
Sales in our Specialty Chassis and Vehicles segment increased by $25.2 million, or 25.2%, in 2013 compared to 2012, primarily due to higher unit volumes in motor home and bus chassis and other specialty vehicles. There were no significant changes in the pricing of the products in our Specialty Chassis and Vehicles segment during 2013.
 
Operating income increased by $7.8 million, or 354.5%, in 2013 compared to 2012, mainly due to the increased unit sales volumes.
 
Backlog for our Specialty Chassis and Vehicles segment decreased by $13.6 million, or 51.1%, to $13.0 million at December 31, 2013 compared to $26.6 million at December 31, 2012, with decreases of $7.5 million in orders for aftermarket parts and assemblies, $4.0 million in orders for defense related vehicles and $2.1 million in orders for motor home and other specialty chassis.
 
Year ended December 31, 2012 compared to year ended December 31, 2011
 
Sales in our Specialty Chassis and Vehicles segment decreased by 5.4% in 2012 primarily due to lower defense related vehicles and parts sales, which decreased by $12.0 million or 30.1% to $27.9 million in 2012 from $39.9 million in 2012. This decrease was partially offset by an increase of $6.3 million in motor home chassis sales due to increases in unit volume in 2012 compared to 2011. There were no significant changes in the pricing of the products in our Specialty Chassis and Vehicles segment during 2012.
 
Operating income increased by $4.5 million in 2012, mainly due to a decrease in operating expense incurred in 2012 as a result of restructuring initiatives undertaken early in 2012 and in prior years.

Fourth Quarter Results
 
Historically, our sales levels have varied from quarter to quarter. For a description of quarterly financial data, see Note 16, Quarterly Financial Data (Unaudited) , in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements appearing in Item 8 of this Form 10-K.
 
2013
Sales in the fourth quarter of 2013 were $126.5 million, an increase of $0.4 million, or 0.3%, from our third quarter sales of $126.1 million, as strong sales of motor home chassis were largely offset by lower sales of delivery and service vehicles due to delayed production on Reach  TM  commercial vans as a result of supplier constraints.
 
Gross profit in the fourth quarter decreased by $1.1 million, or 6.8%, to $15.0 million in the fourth quarter from $16.1 million in the third quarter, mainly due to operations in our Emergency Response Vehicles segment, as the result of an unfavorable sales mix and higher warranty accruals in the fourth quarter.
 
Net income decreased by $3.6 million to a net loss of $3.0 million in the fourth quarter from net income of $0.6 million in the third quarter, mainly due to an impairment charge related to goodwill in our Emergency Response Vehicles segment recorded in the fourth quarter.

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2012
Sales in the fourth quarter of 2012 were $124.5 million, an increase of $11.6 million or 10.3% from our sales in the third quarter of 2012. The increase was driven by higher sales in our Emergency Response Vehicles segment as a result of the strong order intake we experienced in 2012, along with smaller increases in our Specialty Chassis and Vehicles segment due to increased volume in motor home chassis and our Delivery and Service Vehicles segment due to higher walk-in van unit volumes.
 
Gross profit in the fourth quarter increased by $0.2 million, or 1.4%, from the third quarter, mainly as the result of lower restructuring charges incurred during the fourth quarter, which were partially offset by an unfavorable product sales mix in the fourth quarter as compared to the third quarter.
 
Net loss in the fourth quarter of 2012 increased by $2.2 million to $2.5 million in the fourth quarter from $0.3 million in the third quarter, mainly due to additional expense recorded for the earn-out contingency related to our 2009 Utilimaster acquisition as a result of the increased sales level at Utilimaster.
 
2011
Sales for the fourth quarter were $111.2 million, a decrease of $9.1 million, or 7.6%, from our sales in the third quarter of 2011. The decrease was driven by a decrease of $19.3 million or 31.6% in Delivery and Service Vehicles sales due to seasonal decreases in aftermarket parts and assemblies and walk in van sales related to our customary fourth quarter slowdown due to the busy holiday delivery season. In addition, in late December we delayed shipment until 2012 of certain walk-in vans in order to effect updates to meet certain regulatory safety requirements. These decreases were partially offset by sales increases in our Emergency Response Vehicles segment, which increased by $6.4 million due to increased chassis sales and $2.6 million due to increased vehicle sales, along with increases in our Specialty Chassis and Vehicles segment of $1.2 million due to increases in motor home chassis sales.
 
Gross profit in the fourth quarter decreased by $5.9 million, or 29.0%, from the third quarter. This was driven primarily by the seasonal volume decrease in our Delivery and Service Vehicles segment, as discussed above, offset by increases in Emergency Response Vehicle and Specialty Chassis and Vehicles sales.
 
Net earnings for the fourth quarter 2011 decreased $2.5 million or 78.3% from the third quarter. The decrease in net income was impacted substantially by the sales decline in Delivery and Service Vehicles described above. Partially offsetting this decrease were increases in sales in our Emergency Response Vehicles and Specialty Chassis and Vehicles segments, along with lower general and administrative expense, driven by lower research and development spending as the Reach TM  product neared production.

Financial Condition 
 
Balance sheet at December 31, 2013 compared to December 31, 2012
 
Cash increased by $9.0 million, or 41.5%, to $30.7 million at December 31, 2013 from $21.7 million at December 31, 2012, mainly due to operating activities that provided $13.0 million of cash in 2013.
 
Accounts receivable increased by $0.5 million, or 1.1%, to $47.6 million at December 31, 2013 from $47.1 million at December 31, 2012. Our receivable days sales outstanding increased to 38 days sales at December 31, 2013 from 36 days at December 31, 2012 as a result of a change in the customer mix and receivable terms on certain products in the fourth quarter of 2013 compared to the same period of 2012.
 
Inventories increased by $13.8 million, or 20.4%, to $81.4 million at December 31, 2013 from $67.6 million at December 31, 2012, mainly due to an increase in work in progress inventory caused by supplier constraints that delayed the final production of certain vehicles.
 
Income taxes receivable decreased by $1.4 million, or 46.7%, to $1.6 million at December 31, 2013 from $3.0 million at December 31, 2012, due to the utilization of prior year overpayments to reduce the current year tax liability.
 
Other current assets decreased by $3.7 million, or 61.7%, to $2.3 million at December 31, 2013 from $6.0 million at December 31, 2012. This decrease was mainly due to the collection of a short term note receivable of $2.5 million related to the sale of buildings and land at our Wakarusa, Indiana campus. Also contributing to the decrease was a $0.7 million decrease in prepaid insurance fees, and a $0.5 million decrease in miscellaneous prepaid fees.

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Property, plant and equipment decreased by $4.8 million, or 8.1%, to $54.2 million at December 31, 2013 from $59.1 million at December 31, 2012, due to depreciation recorded during the year of $8.3 million, partially offset by $3.5 million of investments in property, plant and equipment.
 
Goodwill decreased by $4.9 million, or 23.1%, to approximately $16.0 million at December 31, 2013 from approximately $20.8 million at December 31, 2012, due to the impairment of goodwill related our Emergency Response Vehicles reporting unit.
 
Accounts payable increased by $7.5 million, or 32.6%, to $30.5 million at December 31, 2013 from $23.0 million at December 31, 2012, mainly due to the timing of payments in late 2013.
 
Accrued warranty increased by $1.5 million, or 24.6%, to $7.6 million at December 31, 2013 from $6.1 million at December 31, 2012, mainly due to a $1.4 million charge for a motor home related recall incurred in 2013.
 
Accrued compensation and related taxes decreased by $1.3 million, or 16.9%, to $6.4 million at December 31, 2013 from $7.7 million at December 31, 2012, due to a $1.1 million decrease in accrued incentive compensation for 2013 as compared to 2012.
 
Deposits from customers increased by $11.6 million, or 181.3%, to $18.0 million at December 31, 2013 from $6.4 million at December 31, 2012, due to the election of certain customers to make deposits on orders, including a $5.0 million deposit on a 70 unit fire truck order from Peru.
 
Other current liabilities and accrued expenses decreased by $2.8 million, or 34.6%, to $5.3 million at December 31, 2013 from $8.1 million at December 31, 2012, due to $2.7 million of payments made during the year related to the earn-out provision from our purchase of Utilimaster.
 
Deferred income tax liabilities decreased by $1.3 million, or 28.9%, to $3.2 million at December 31, 2013 from $4.5 million at December 31, 2012, largely due to the income tax effect of the deductible portion of goodwill impairment expense recorded in 2013.
 
Balance sheet at December 31, 2012 compared to December 31, 2011
 
Accounts receivable increased by $7.1 million or 17.1% to $47.1 million at December 31, 2012, mainly due to the higher sales levels recorded in the fourth quarter of 2012 as compared with the same period in 2011. Our receivable days sales outstanding increased to 36 days sales at December 31, 2012 as a result of a change in the mix of sales to products with longer receivable terms in the fourth quarter of 2012 compared to the same period in 2011.
 
Income taxes receivable increased by $1.5 million or 103.6% to $3.0 million at December 31, 2012 due to estimated income tax payments made during 2012, based on the taxable income recorded earlier in the year, which exceeded the liability finally determined in the year end provision.
 
Other current assets increased by $3.6 million or 156.5% to $6.0 million at December 31, 2012 due to the recording of a short term note receivable of $2.5 million related to the sale of buildings and land at our Wakarusa, Indiana campus completed on December 31, 2012. Also contributing to the increases were a $0.4 million increase in prepaid fees for trade shows to be held in 2013 and $0.7 million in other miscellaneous prepaid items.
 
Property, plant and equipment decreased by $6.3 million or 9.6% to $59.1 million at December 31, 2012, due to depreciation recorded during the year of $8.1 million, $10.4 million due to the write-down and reclassification to held-for-sale of our Wakarusa, Indiana facility and $0.3 million due to other disposals. Partially offsetting these decreases were $12.5 million of investments in property, plant and equipment, mainly related to the relocation of our Utilimaster operations to Bristol, Indiana.
 
Accounts payable increased by $1.3 million or 6.2% to $23.0 million at December 31, 2012, mainly due to the purchase of additional engines prior to the 2013 emissions changes.
 
Accrued compensation and payroll taxes increased by $2.1 million or 71.1% to $5.0 million at December 31, 2012 due to additional payroll liabilities recorded in 2012, compared to 2011, as the result of the timing of pay periods at the end of December.

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Deposits from customers decreased by $1.5 million or 19.2% to $6.4 million at December 31, 2012, due to the timing of customer payments received in the last few days of the year and the election of certain customers to make deposits on orders.
Deferred tax liability decreased by $2.9 million or 39.5% to $4.5 million at December 31, 2012 due to a decrease in the excess of the amount of depreciation and asset impairment recorded in the financial statements over the amount deducted for income taxes through December 31, 2012.

Liquidity and Capital Resources
 
Cash Flows
 
Our cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities, as reflected in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows appearing in Item 8 of this Form 10-K, are summarized in the following table (in thousands):
 
 	 	Year Ended December 31,	 	
 	 	2013	 	 	2012	 	 	2011	 	
Cash provided by (used in):	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Operating activities	 	$	13,046	 	 	$	6,367	 	 	$	30,137	 	
Investing activities	 	 	(846	)	 	 	(12,393	)	 	 	(9,159	)	
Financing activities	 	 	(3,241	)	 	 	(3,903	)	 	 	(3,808	)	
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	 	$	8,959	 	 	$	(9,929	)	 	$	(17,170	)	
 
During 2013, cash and cash equivalents increased by $9.0 million to a balance of $30.7 million as of December 31, 2013. These funds, in addition to cash generated from future operations and available credit facilities, are expected to be sufficient to finance the Company’s foreseeable liquidity and capital needs.

Cash Flow from Operating Activities
 
We generated $13.0 million of cash from operating activities during the year ended December 31, 2013. Cash was generated primarily through non-cash expenses of $14.4 million, which offset our net loss of $6.0 million. Changes in working capital requirements, including accounts receivable, inventories, income taxes receivable, accounts payable and deposits from customers generated $4.6 million of cash.
 
We generated $6.4 million of cash from operating activities during the year ended December 31, 2012. Cash was generated primarily through non-cash expenses of $16.5 million, which offset our net loss of $2.5 million. Increases in working capital requirements, including accounts receivable, inventories, income taxes receivable, accounts payable and deposits from customers absorbed $7.7 million of cash.
 
For the year ended December 31, 2011, cash generated by operating activities was $30.1 million primarily due to a decrease in accounts receivable of $13.1 million and increases in accounts payable of $3.5 million and deposits from customers of $3.9 million from December 31, 2010 to December 31, 2011, as discussed above.
 
In 2014 we expect to incur non-recurring cash outlays of $4 million to $6 million, including spending for our ERP system implementation and replacement and upgrades of machinery and equipment used in operations.

Cash Flow from Investing Activities
 
We used $0.8 million for investing activities during the year ended December 31, 2013, mainly due to the purchase of $3.5 million of property, plant and equipment which was largely offset by the collection of a $2.5 million note receivable.
 
We used $12.4 million of cash for investing activities during the year ended December 31, 2012, mainly for the purchase of property, plant and equipment, which included approximately $8.8 million for the purchase of equipment related to the relocation of our Utilimaster operations to Bristol, Indiana.

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During the year ended December 31, 2011, cash used in investing activities of $9.2 million was driven by $5.3 million of cash used in the purchase of property, plant and equipment and $4.8 million used for the acquisition of Classic Fire in April 2011. See Note 2,  Acquisition Activities  in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Item 8 of this Form 10-K for further information on this acquisition.

Cash Flow from Financing Activities
 
Cash used in financing activities of $3.2 million during the year ended December 31, 2013 consisted primarily of funds used to pay cash dividends during the year.
 
Cash used in financing activities of $3.9 million during the year ended December 31, 2012 was due to the payment of $3.4 million of dividends during the year, along with $0.7 million of earn-out payments made in 2012 related to the 2009 Utilimaster acquisition. Additional cash earn-out payments of $1.4 million made during 2012 are reflected within cash provided by operating activities.
 
Cash used in financing activities of $3.8 million during the year ended December 31, 2011 consisted primarily of funds used to pay cash dividends during the year.

Restructuring Activities
 
We recorded no restructuring charges during the year ended December 31, 2013.
 
During the year ended December 31, 2012, we incurred $7.8 million of restructuring charges within our Delivery and Service Vehicles segment, including asset impairments, as the result of our planned relocation of our Utilimaster operations from Wakarusa, Indiana to Bristol, Indiana and the relocation of our Reach  TM  manufacturing from Wakarusa, Indiana to Charlotte, Michigan. We undertook the moves of our Utilimaster and Reach  TM  operations in order to improve profitability within the segment and eliminate non-value added manufacturing processes related to our walk-in van production. When fully implemented, these moves are expected to result in savings of approximately $4 million on an annual basis. In 2012, we also incurred $1.3 million in severance charges within our Specialty Chassis and Vehicles and Emergency Response Vehicles segments to help align the organizational structure and expenses with current and future revenue expectations.
 
During the year ended December 31, 2011, we incurred restructuring charges of $2.8 million related to initiatives to align expenses to coincide with revenue expectations. The actions we took allowed us to maintain profitability in 2011 despite the fall in sales volumes. Cost reduction measures included workforce reductions, plant and operation consolidations and overall improved cost management. An increased focus on our cash conversion cycle in 2011 helped us to maintain our working capital at a level similar to the prior year. See Note 13,  Restructuring Charges  in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements appearing in Item 8 of this Form 10-K for further information.

Working Capital
 
Our working capital is summarized in the following table (in thousands):
 
 	 	As of December 31,	 	
 	 	2013	 	 	2012	 	 	2011	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Current assets	 	$	170,727	 	 	$	152,523	 	 	$	149,069	 	
Current liabilities	 	 	70,152	 	 	 	53,690	 	 	 	50,396	 	
Working capital	 	$	100,575	 	 	$	98,833	 	 	$	98,673	 	
 
Working capital increased from December 31, 2012 to December 31, 2013 by $1.8 million to $100.6 million, driven by the changes in cash, inventory, income taxes receivable, other current assets, accounts payable, accrued compensation and deposits from customers, as described above. Increases in inventory, mainly due to the delay in final production as a result of supplier constraints, and cash were largely offset by increases in accounts payable due to the timing of payments and increased deposits from customers.

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Working capital increased from December 31, 2011 to December 31, 2012 by $0.1 million to $98.8 million, driven by the changes in cash, accounts receivable, income taxes receivable, other current assets, accounts payable, accrued compensation and deposits from customers, as described above. Increases in accounts receivable, mainly due to the timing of sales, and other current liabilities due to the reclassification of property, plant and equipment related to the Wakarusa, Indiana campus to held-for-sale were largely offset by a decrease in cash used to fund equipment purchases for the new Bristol, Indiana facility.

Contingent Obligations
 
In connection with the acquisition of Utilimaster on November 30, 2009, we incurred contingent obligations in the form of certain performance-based earn-out payments, up to an aggregate maximum amount of $7.0 million, which become due through the first quarter of 2015. During the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012, the Company made earn out payments totaling $2.7 million and $2.1 million, leaving an aggregate maximum amount of future payments of $2.2 million as of December 31, 2013. In accordance with accounting guidance, we recorded the estimated fair value of the future consideration on the acquisition date and subsequently adjusted the balance to reflect amortization of the discount and changes in Utilimaster’s expected performance, resulting in a balance of $1.0 million at December 31, 2013, including $0.2 million classified as current and $0.8 million classified as long term, based upon the likelihood of the payments, discounted to the reporting date. We believe that we have sufficient liquidity to fund the contingent obligations as they become due. See Note 12, Commitments and Contingent Liabilities,  in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements appearing in Item 8 of this Form 10-K for further details.

Debt
 
On December 16, 2011, we amended our unsecured revolving credit facility under which we may borrow up to $70.0 million from a syndicate of lenders, including Wells Fargo Bank N.A. and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., to, among other things, extend the maturity of the credit facility for an additional five years. See Note 8,  Debt,  in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements appearing in Item 8 of this Form 10-K for further details. Under the terms of the agreement, the Company may request an increase in the facility of up to $35.0 million in the aggregate, subject to customary conditions. Interest rates on borrowings under the credit facility are based on applicable rates at the time of issuance but are generally an adjusted LIBOR rate plus margin, ranging from 125 to 225 basis points, based on specified leverage ratio tiers from period to period. In addition, commitment fees range from 20 to 35 basis points on the unused portion of the line. The credit facility matures on December 16, 2016. We had no drawings against this credit line as of December 31, 2013 or 2012. During the year ended December 31, 2013, and in future years, our revolving credit facility was utilized, and will continue to be utilized, to finance commercial chassis received by our Utilimaster subsidiary under a chassis bailment inventory agreement with General Motors Company. This funding is reflected as a reduction of up to $5.0 million on the revolving credit facility available to us. See Note 12,  Commitments and Contingent Liabilities , in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements appearing in Item 8 of this Form 10-K for further details about Utilimaster’s chassis bailment inventory agreement.
 
On November 30, 2012, we entered into an amendment to our existing amended and restated private shelf agreement with Prudential Investment Management, Inc. Under the original private shelf agreement, we issued $5.0 million of 5.46% Series B Senior Notes, due December 1, 2016. The amended agreement extended the period during which we may issue private notes by three years to November 30, 2015 and increased the limit of the uncommitted shelf facility up to $50.0 million. The interest rate is determined based on applicable rates at time of issuance. The total outstanding debt under this agreement was $5.0 million at December 31, 2013 and 2012.
 
Under the terms of our credit agreement with our banks, we have the ability to issue letters of credit totaling $15.0 million. At December 31, 2013 and 2012, we had outstanding letters of credit totaling $10.4 million and $0.2 million related to certain emergency response vehicle contracts and our workers compensation insurance. The increase in the outstanding letters of credit at December 31, 2013 is mainly due to performance bonds issued in relation to the award of an order from Peru for 70 emergency response vehicles.
 
Under the terms of the line of credit and the term notes detailed above, we are required to maintain certain financial ratios and other financial conditions. The agreements prohibit us from incurring additional indebtedness; limit certain acquisitions, investments, advances or loans; and restrict substantial asset sales. At December 31, 2013, we were in compliance with all debt covenants, and, based on our outlook for 2014, we expect to be able to meet these financial covenants over the next twelve months.
 
We had capital lease obligations outstanding of approximately $0.3 million and $0.3 million as of December 31, 2013 and 2012, due and payable over the next seven years.

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 Equity Securities
 
On October 19, 2011, the Board of Directors authorized management to repurchase up to a total of 1.0 million shares of its common stock in open market transactions. Repurchase of common stock is based on management’s assessment of market conditions. As of December 31, 2013, no shares of common stock were repurchased under this authorization. If we were to repurchase the full 1.0 million shares of stock under the repurchase program, it would cost approximately $5.7 million based on the closing price of our stock on February 28, 2014. We believe that we have sufficient resources to fund this potential stock buyback.
 
On October 20, 2010, the Board of Directors authorized management to repurchase, over the course of the subsequent 12-month period, up to a total of 1.0 million shares of its common stock in open market transactions. No shares of common stock were repurchased under this authorization, which expired October 19, 2011.

Dividends
 
On October 24, 2013 our Board of Directors declared a cash dividend of $0.05 per share of common stock, payable on December 19, 2013 to shareholders of record on November 14, 2013.
 
On May 8, 2013 our Board of Directors declared a cash dividend of $0.05 per share of common stock, which was paid on June 27, 2013 to shareholders of record at the close of business on May 23, 2013. The total amount of dividends paid in 2013 was $3.4 million.
 
On October 26, 2012, we declared a cash dividend of $0.05 per outstanding share payable on December 13, 2012 to shareholders of record on November 8, 2012.
 
On April 26, 2012 we declared a cash dividend of $0.05 per outstanding share payable on June 14, 2012 to shareholders of record on May 10, 2012. The total amount of dividends paid in 2012 was $3.4 million.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
 
We have no off balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a material current or future effect on our financial condition, cash flows, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources.

Contractual Obligations and Commercial Commitments
 
Our future contractual obligations for agreements, including agreements to purchase materials in the normal course of business, are summarized below. The weighted average interest rate for long term debt as of December 31, 2013 was 5.46%.
 
 	 	Payments Due by Period (in thousands)	 	
 	 	Total	 	 	Less than
1 Year	 	 	1-3 Years	 	 	4-5 Years	 	 	More than
5 Years	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Long-term debt (1)	 	$	5,523	 	 	$	273	 	 	$	5,250	 	 	$	-	 	 	$	-	 	
Capital leases	 	 	386	 	 	 	96	 	 	 	142	 	 	 	115	 	 	 	33	 	
Operating leases	 	 	8,217	 	 	 	1,687	 	 	 	2,356	 	 	 	1,910	 	 	 	2,264	 	
Contingent payments (2)	 	 	1,007	 	 	 	247	 	 	 	760	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	
Purchase obligations	 	 	24,237	 	 	 	24,237	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total contractual obligations	 	$	39,370	 	 	$	26,540	 	 	$	8,508	 	 	$	2,025	 	 	$	2,297	 	
 
(1)	Long term debt includes estimated interest payments; interest payments on related variable rate debt were calculated using the effective interest rate at December 31, 2013.	
(2)	Contingent payments are estimates associated with the Utilimaster acquisition in November, 2009, which assumes that various contingencies and market opportunities occur in 2014.	

34

 
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
 
The following discussion of critical accounting policies and estimates is intended to supplement Note 1, General and Summary of Accounting Policies , of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements appearing in Item 8 of this Form 10-K. These policies were selected because they are broadly applicable within our operating units and they involve additional management judgment due to the sensitivity of the methods, assumptions and estimates necessary in determining the related statement of income, asset and/or liability amounts.

Revenue Recognition 
 
We recognize revenue in accordance with authoritative guidelines, including those of the SEC. Accordingly, revenue is recognized when title to the product and risk of ownership passes to the buyer. In certain instances, risk of ownership and title passes when the product has been completed in accordance with purchase order specifications and has been tendered for delivery to the customer. On certain customer requested bill and hold transactions, revenue recognition occurs after the customer has been notified that the products have been completed according to the customer specifications, have passed all of our quality control inspections, and are ready for delivery. All sales are shown net of returns, discounts and sales incentive programs, which historically have not been significant. The collectability of any related receivable is reasonably assured before revenue is recognized.

Accounts Receivable 
 
We maintain an allowance for customer accounts that reduces receivables to amounts that are expected to be collected. In estimating the allowance for doubtful accounts, we make certain assumptions regarding the risk of uncollectable open receivable accounts. This risk factor is applied to the balance on accounts that are aged over 90 days: generally this reserve has an estimated range from 10-25%. The risk percentage applied to the aged accounts may change based on conditions such as: general economic conditions, industry-specific economic conditions, historical and anticipated customer performance, historical experience with write-offs and the level of past-due amounts from year to year. However, generally our assumptions are consistent year-over-year and there has been little adjustment made to the percentages used. In addition, in the event there are certain known risk factors with an open account, we may increase the allowance to include estimated losses on such “specific” account balances. The “specific” reserves are identified by a periodic review of the aged accounts receivable. If there is an account in question, credit checks are made and there is communication with the customer, along with other means to try to assess if a specific reserve is required. The inclusion of the “specific” reserve has caused the greatest fluctuation in our allowance for doubtful accounts balance historically. Please see Note 1,  General and Summary of Accounting Policies,  in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements appearing in Item 8 of this Form 10-K and Appendix A included in this Form 10-K for further details and historical view of our allowance for doubtful accounts balance.

Goodwill and Other Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets
 
In accordance with authoritative guidance on goodwill and other indefinite-lived intangible assets, such assets are tested for impairment at least annually, and written down when and to the extent impaired. We perform our annual impairment test for goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets as of October 1 of each year, or more frequently if an event occurs or conditions change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of the asset below its carrying value.

35

 
 
We have recorded goodwill at our Crimson, Classic Fire and Utilimaster subsidiaries. Crimson and Classic Fire are components of our Emergency Response Vehicles reportable segment, which was determined to be a reporting unit for goodwill impairment testing. Utilimaster comprises the Delivery and Service Vehicles reportable segment, which was also determined to be a reporting unit for goodwill impairment testing. We first assess qualitative factors including, but not limited to, macroeconomic conditions, industry conditions, the competitive environment, changes in the market for our products and current and forecasted financial performance to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If we determine that it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is greater than its carrying amount, we are not required to calculate the fair value of a reporting unit. We have the option to bypass this qualitative assessment and proceed to the first step of a two-step goodwill impairment assessment. If we elect to bypass the qualitative assessment, or if after completing the assessment it is determined to be more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying value, we perform a two-step impairment test, whereby the first step is comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount, including goodwill. The fair value of the reporting unit is determined by estimating the future cash flows of the reporting unit to which the goodwill relates, and then discounting the future cash flows at a market-participant-derived weighted-average cost of capital (“WACC”). In determining the estimated future cash flows, we consider current and projected future levels of income based on our plans for that business; business trends, prospects and market and economic conditions; and market-participant considerations. If the fair value of a reporting unit exceeds its carrying amount, goodwill of the reporting unit is considered to not be impaired and the second step of the test is not performed. The second step of the impairment test is performed when the carrying amount of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value, in which case the implied fair value of the reporting unit goodwill is compared with the carrying amount of that goodwill based on a hypothetical allocation of the reporting unit’s fair value to all of its underlying assets and liabilities. If the carrying amount of the reporting unit goodwill exceeds the implied fair value of that goodwill, an impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to the excess.
 
We evaluate the recoverability of our indefinite lived intangible assets, which consist of our Classic Fire and Utilimaster trade names, by comparing the estimated fair value of the trade name with its carrying value. We estimate the fair value of our trade names based on estimates of future royalty payments that are avoided through our ownership of the trade names, discounted to their present value. In determining the estimated fair value of the trade names, we consider current and projected future levels of revenue based on our plans for Classic Fire or Utilimaster, business trends, prospects and market and economic conditions.
 
Significant judgments inherent in these analyses include assumptions about appropriate sales growth rates, WACC and the amount of expected future net cash flows. The judgments and assumptions used in the estimate of fair value are generally consistent with the projections and assumptions that are used in current operating plans. Such assumptions are subject to change as a result of changing economic and competitive conditions. The determination of fair value is highly sensitive to differences between estimated and actual cash flows and changes in the related discount rate used to evaluate the fair value of the reporting units and trade name.
 
The goodwill of our Delivery and Service Vehicles segment of $16.0 million at December 31, 2013 related to our Utilimaster subsidiary, the sole reporting unit of that segment. The estimated fair value of our Delivery and Service Vehicles reporting unit exceeded its carrying value by 12% as of October 1, 2013, the most recent annual assessment date. Based on the discounted cash flow valuation at October 1, 2013, an increase in the WACC for the Utilimaster reporting unit of approximately 160 basis points would not result in impairment.
 
The results of our 2012 annual goodwill impairment test for our Emergency Response Vehicles reporting unit indicated that the goodwill for that reporting unit was not impaired. However, our 2013 annual goodwill impairment test indicated that the goodwill for that reporting unit was fully impaired. We determined that the carrying cost of the reporting unit exceeded its fair value, requiring us to compare the carrying cost of the goodwill to its implied fair value, which resulted in a non-cash impairment charge of $4.9 million being recorded during the fourth quarter of 2013. While we believe that the future profitability of our Emergency Response Vehicles reporting unit is likely, the impairment reflects our failure to reverse the ongoing operating losses of the reporting unit over the past three years, and the inability to definitively demonstrate the reporting unit’s ability to generate sufficient cash flow, on a discounted basis, to cover the carrying cost of its assets. The assumptions used to estimate the fair value of the Emergency Response Vehicles reporting unit in 2013 reflect our current outlook for the reporting unit, which was revised as a result of the failure to meet forecasts. This revised outlook reflects lowered expectations for future growth in revenue and operating income than the estimates used in the 2012 goodwill impairment analysis for this reporting unit.    
 
The acquired Utilimaster trade name has an indefinite life as it is anticipated that it will contribute cash flows to the Company indefinitely. The estimated fair value of our Utilimaster trade name exceeded its associated carrying value of $2.9 million by 85% as of October 1, 2013.

36

 
 
The acquired Classic Fire trade name has an indefinite life as it is anticipated that it will contribute cash flows to the Company indefinitely. The estimated fair value of our Classic Fire trade name exceeded its associated carrying value of $0.6 million by 187% as of October 1, 2013.
 
See Note 6, Goodwill and Intangible Assets, in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements appearing in Item 8 of this Form 10-K for further details on our goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets.
 
We cannot predict the occurrence of certain events or changes in circumstances that might adversely affect the carrying value of goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets. Such events may include, but are not limited to, the impact of the general economic environment; a material negative change in relationships with significant customers; or strategic decisions made in response to economic and competitive conditions; and other risk factors as detailed in Item 1A “Risk Factors” in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.  

Warranties 
Our policy is to record a provision for the estimated cost of warranty-related claims at the time of the sale, and periodically adjust the warranty liability to reflect actual experience. The amount of warranty liability accrued reflects actual historical warranty cost, which is accumulated on specific identifiable units. From that point, there is a projection of the expected future cost of honoring our obligations under the warranty agreements. Historically, the cost of fulfilling our warranty obligations has principally involved replacement parts and labor for field retrofit campaigns and recalls, which increase the reserve. Our estimates are based on historical experience, the number of units involved and the extent of features and components included in product models. Over time, this method has been consistently applied and has proven to be an appropriate approach to estimating future costs to be incurred. See Note 12,  Commitments and Contingent Liabilities , in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements appearing in Item 8 of this Form 10-K for further information regarding warranties.

Provision for Income Taxes 
We account for income taxes under a method that requires deferred income tax assets and liabilities to be recognized using enacted tax rates for the effect of temporary differences between the book and tax bases of recorded assets and liabilities. Authoritative guidance also requires deferred income tax assets, which include state tax credit carryforwards, operating loss carryforwards and deductible temporary differences, be reduced by a valuation allowance if it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred income tax assets will not be realized.
 
We evaluate the likelihood of realizing our deferred income tax assets by assessing our valuation allowance and by adjusting the amount of such allowance, if necessary. The factors used to assess the likelihood of realization include our forecast of future taxable income, the projected reversal of temporary differences and available tax planning strategies that could be implemented to realize the net deferred income tax assets.
 
We recognize the tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities. The determination is based on the technical merits of the position and presumes that each uncertain tax position will be examined by the relevant taxing authority that has full knowledge of all relevant information. Although management believes the estimates are reasonable, no assurance can be given that the final outcome of these matters will not be different than what is reflected in the historical income tax provisions and accruals.
 
Interest and penalties attributable to income taxes are recorded as a component of income taxes. 

New and Pending Accounting Policies
 
See Note 1, General and Summary of Accounting Policies, in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements appearing in Item 8 of this Form 10-K.

37

 
 
Effect of Inflation
 
Inflation affects us in two principal ways. First, our revolving note payable is generally tied to the prime and LIBOR interest rates so that increases in those interest rates would be translated into additional interest expense. Second, general inflation impacts prices paid for labor, parts and supplies. Whenever possible, we attempt to cover increased costs of production and capital by adjusting the prices of our products. However, we generally do not attempt to negotiate inflation-based price adjustment provisions into our contracts. Since order lead times can be as much as nine months, we have limited ability to pass on cost increases to our customers on a short-term basis. In addition, the markets we serve are competitive in nature, and competition limits our ability to pass through cost increases in many cases. We strive to minimize the effect of inflation through cost reductions and improved productivity.

Item 7A.                    Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.
 
Our primary market risk exposure is a change in interest rates and the effect of such a change on outstanding variable rate short-term and long-term debt. At December 31, 2013, we had $5.0 million of debt outstanding under our variable rate short-term and long-term debt agreements. An increase of 100 basis points in interest rates would not have a material adverse effect on our financial position or results of operations. We do not enter into market-risk-sensitive instruments for trading or other purposes.
 
We do not believe that there has been a material change in the nature or categories of the primary market risk exposures or the particular markets that present our primary risk of loss. As of the date of this report, we do not know of or expect any material changes in the general nature of our primary market risk exposure in the near term. In this discussion, “near term” means a period of one year following the date of the most recent balance sheet contained in this report.
 
Prevailing interest rates and interest rate relationships are primarily determined by market factors that are beyond our control. All information provided in response to this item consists of forward-looking statements. Reference is made to the section captioned “Forward-Looking Statements” before Part I of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for a discussion of the limitations on our responsibility for such statements.

38

 

Item 8.                    Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.
 
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

Board of Directors and Shareholders
Spartan Motors, Inc.
Charlotte, Michigan
 
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Spartan Motors, Inc. as of December 31, 2013 and 2012 and the related consolidated statements of operations, shareholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2013. In connection with our audits of the financial statements, we have also audited the financial statement schedule as listed in the accompanying index in Item 15(a)(1) of this Form 10-K. These financial statements and schedule are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements and schedule based on our audits.
 
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements and schedule. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
 
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Spartan Motors, Inc. as of December 31, 2013 and 2012, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2013, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
 
Also, in our opinion, the financial statement schedule, when considered in relation to the basic consolidated financial statements taken as a whole, presents fairly, in all material respects, the information set forth therein.
 
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), Spartan Motors, Inc.’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2013, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (1992)  issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) and our report dated March 13, 2014 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.
 
/s/ BDO USA, LLP
 
Grand Rapids, Michigan
March 13, 2014

39

 
  
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
 
Board of Directors and Shareholders
Spartan Motors, Inc.
Charlotte, Michigan
 
We have audited Spartan Motors, Inc.’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2013, based on criteria established in  Internal Control – Integrated Framework (1992)  issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (the COSO criteria). Spartan Motors, Inc.’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Item 9A, Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit.
 
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audit also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
 
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
 
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
 
In our opinion, Spartan Motors, Inc. maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2013, based on the COSO criteria.
 
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated balance sheets of Spartan Motors, Inc. as of December 31, 2013 and 2012 and the related consolidated statements of operations, shareholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2013 and our report dated March 13, 2014 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.
/s/ BDO USA, LLP
 
Grand Rapids, Michigan
March 13, 2014

40

 
 
SPARTAN MOTORS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In thousands, except par value) 
 
 	 	December 31,
2013	 	 	December 31,
2012	 	
ASSETS	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Current assets:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Cash and cash equivalents	 	$	30,707	 	 	$	21,748	 	
Accounts receivable, less allowance of $769 and $1,021	 	 	47,560	 	 	 	47,139	 	
Inventories	 	 	81,419	 	 	 	67,591	 	
Deferred income tax assets	 	 	6,736	 	 	 	6,291	 	
Income taxes receivable	 	 	1,641	 	 	 	3,011	 	
Assets held for sale	 	 	373	 	 	 	716	 	
Other current assets	 	 	2,291	 	 	 	6,027	 	
Total current assets	 	 	170,727	 	 	 	152,523	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Property, plant and equipment, net	 	 	54,278	 	 	 	59,122	 	
Goodwill	 	 	15,961	 	 	 	20,815	 	
Intangible assets, net	 	 	10,094	 	 	 	11,052	 	
Other assets	 	 	2,222	 	 	 	1,639	 	
TOTAL ASSETS	 	$	253,282	 	 	$	245,151	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Current liabilities:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Accounts payable	 	$	30,525	 	 	$	23,000	 	
Accrued warranty	 	 	7,579	 	 	 	6,062	 	
Accrued customer rebates	 	 	2,190	 	 	 	2,299	 	
Accrued compensation and related taxes	 	 	6,440	 	 	 	7,748	 	
Deposits from customers	 	 	18,006	 	 	 	6,386	 	
Other current liabilities and accrued expenses	 	 	5,333	 	 	 	8,113	 	
Current portion of long-term debt	 	 	79	 	 	 	82	 	
Total current liabilities	 	 	70,152	 	 	 	53,690	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Other non-current liabilities	 	 	3,109	 	 	 	3,071	 	
Long-term debt, less current portion	 	 	5,261	 	 	 	5,207	 	
Deferred income tax liabilities	 	 	3,209	 	 	 	4,454	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Shareholders' equity:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Preferred stock, no par value: 2,000 shares authorized (none issued)	 	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	
Common stock, $0.01 par value; 40,000 shares authorized; 34,210 and 33,862 outstanding	 	 	342	 	 	 	339	 	
Additional paid in capital	 	 	75,075	 	 	 	72,873	 	
Retained earnings	 	 	96,132	 	 	 	105,517	 	
Total Spartan Motors, Inc. shareholders’ equity	 	 	171,549	 	 	 	178,729	 	
Non-controlling interest	 	 	2	 	 	 	-	 	
Total shareholders' equity	 	 	171,551	 	 	 	178,729	 	
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY	 	$	253,282	 	 	$	245,151	 	
 
See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

41

 
  
SPARTAN MOTORS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(In thousands, except per share data)
 
 	 	Year Ended December 31,	 	
 	 	2013	 	 	2012	 	 	2011	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Sales	 	$	469,538	 	 	$	470,577	 	 	$	426,010	 	
Cost of products sold	 	 	416,475	 	 	 	405,455	 	 	 	363,662	 	
Restructuring charges	 	 	-	 	 	 	6,514	 	 	 	1,731	 	
Gross profit	 	 	53,063	 	 	 	58,608	 	 	 	60,617	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Operating expenses:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Research and development	 	 	10,911	 	 	 	12,873	 	 	 	13,931	 	
Selling, general and administrative	 	 	45,496	 	 	 	45,707	 	 	 	44,305	 	
Goodwill impairment	 	 	4,854	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	
Restructuring charges	 	 	-	 	 	 	2,619	 	 	 	1,050	 	
Total operating expenses	 	 	61,261	 	 	 	61,199	 	 	 	59,286	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Operating income (loss)	 	 	(8,198	)	 	 	(2,591	)	 	 	1,331	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Other income (expense):	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Interest expense	 	 	(311	)	 	 	(335	)	 	 	(324	)	
Interest and other income	 	 	659	 	 	 	569	 	 	 	276	 	
Total other income (expense)	 	 	348	 	 	 	234	 	 	 	(48	)	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Earnings (loss) before taxes	 	 	(7,850	)	 	 	(2,357	)	 	 	1,283	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Taxes	 	 	(1,881	)	 	 	100	 	 	 	510	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net earnings (loss)	 	 	(5,969	)	 	 	(2,457	)	 	 	773	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Less: net earnings attributable to non-controlling interest	 	 	2	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net earnings (loss) attributable to Spartan Motors, Inc.	 	$	(5,971	)	 	$	(2,457	)	 	$	773	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Basic net earnings (loss) per share	 	$	(0.18	)	 	$	(0.07	)	 	$	0.02	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Diluted net earnings (loss) per share	 	$	(0.18	)	 	$	(0.07	)	 	$	0.02	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Basic weighted average common shares outstanding	 	 	33,550	 	 	 	33,165	 	 	 	33,438	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Diluted weighted average common shares outstanding	 	 	33,550	 	 	 	33,165	 	 	 	33,488	 	
 
See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

42

 
 
SPARTAN MOTORS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011
(In thousands, except per share data)

 	 	Number of
Shares	 	 	Common
Stock	 	 	Additional
Paid In Capital	 	 	Retained
Earnings	 	 	Non-
Controlling
Interest	 	 	Total
Shareholders'
Equity	 	
Balance at December 31, 2010	 	 	33,215	 	 	$	332	 	 	$	68,715	 	 	$	113,932	 	 	$	-	 	 	$	182,979	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Issuance of common stock and the tax impact of stock incentive plan transactions	 	 	7	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	(375	)	 	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	(375	)	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Dividends declared ($0.10 per share)	 	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	(3,348	)	 	 	-	 	 	 	(3,348	)	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Issuance of common stock related to investment in subsidiary	 	 	188	 	 	 	2	 	 	 	1,027	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	1,029	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Issuance of restricted stock, net of cancellation	 	 	186	 	 	 	2	 	 	 	(2	)	 	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Stock based compensation expense related to restricted stock	 	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	1,780	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	1,780	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net earnings	 	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	773	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	773	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Balance at December 31, 2011	 	 	33,596	 	 	 	336	 	 	 	71,145	 	 	 	111,357	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	182,838	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Issuance of common stock and the tax impact of stock incentive plan transactions	 	 	70	 	 	 	1	 	 	 	85	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	86	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Dividends declared ($0.10 per share)	 	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	(3,383	)	 	 	-	 	 	 	(3,383	)	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Issuance of restricted stock, net of cancellation	 	 	196	 	 	 	2	 	 	 	(2	)	 	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Stock based compensation expense related to restricted stock	 	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	1,645	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	1,645	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net loss	 	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	(2,457	)	 	 	-	 	 	 	(2,457	)	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Balance at December 31, 2012	 	 	33,862	 	 	 	339	 	 	 	72,873	 	 	 	105,517	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	178,729	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Issuance of common stock and the tax impact of stock incentive plan transactions	 	 	217	 	 	 	2	 	 	 	579	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	581	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Dividends declared ($0.10 per share)	 	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	(3,414	)	 	 	-	 	 	 	(3,414	)	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Issuance of restricted stock, net of cancellation	 	 	131	 	 	 	1	 	 	 	(1	)	 	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Stock based compensation expense related to restricted stock	 	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	1,624	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	1,624	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net income (loss)	 	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	(5,971	)	 	 	2	 	 	 	(5,969	)	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Balance at December 31, 2013	 	 	34,210	 	 	$	342	 	 	$	75,075	 	 	$	96,132	 	 	$	2	 	 	$	171,551	 	
 
See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

43

 
 
SPARTAN MOTORS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(In thousands)
 	 	Year Ended December 31,	 	
 	 	2013	 	 	2012	 	 	2011	 	
Cash flows from operating activities:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net earnings (loss)	 	$	(5,969	)	 	$	(2,457	)	 	$	773	 	
Adjustments to reconcile net earnings (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Depreciation and amortization	 	 	9,238	 	 	 	8,990	 	 	 	10,010	 	
Loss on disposal and impairment of assets	 	 	255	 	 	 	5,621	 	 	 	1,139	 	
Goodwill impairment	 	 	4,854	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	
Expense from changes in fair value of contingent consideration	 	 	21	 	 	 	2,872	 	 	 	983	 	
Tax benefit related to stock incentive plan transactions	 	 	118	 	 	 	134	 	 	 	222	 	
Deferred income taxes	 	 	(1,690	)	 	 	(2,771	)	 	 	(488	)	
Stock based compensation related to stock awards	 	 	1,624	 	 	 	1,645	 	 	 	1,780	 	
Decrease (increase) in operating assets, net of acquired business:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Accounts receivable	 	 	(421	)	 	 	(7,097	)	 	 	13,118	 	
Inventories	 	 	(13,828	)	 	 	(600	)	 	 	(5,478	)	
Income taxes receivable	 	 	1,758	 	 	 	(1,532	)	 	 	1,412	 	
Other assets	 	 	1,236	 	 	 	661	 	 	 	1,190	 	
Increase (decrease) in operating liabilities, net of acquired business:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Accounts payable	 	 	7,525	 	 	 	1,350	 	 	 	3,510	 	
Accrued warranty	 	 	1,517	 	 	 	260	 	 	 	(40	)	
Accrued customer rebates	 	 	(109	)	 	 	753	 	 	 	(842	)	
Accrued compensation and related taxes	 	 	(1,308	)	 	 	2,079	 	 	 	61	 	
Deposits from customers	 	 	11,620	 	 	 	(1,515	)	 	 	3,919	 	
Other current liabilities and accrued expenses	 	 	(2,212	)	 	 	(1,896	)	 	 	(1,036	)	
Taxes on income	 	 	(1,183	)	 	 	(130	)	 	 	(96	)	
Total adjustments	 	 	19,015	 	 	 	8,824	 	 	 	29,364	 	
Net cash provided by operating activities	 	 	13,046	 	 	 	6,367	 	 	 	30,137	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Cash flows from investing activities:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Purchases of property, plant and equipment	 	 	(3,526	)	 	 	(12,468	)	 	 	(5,255	)	
Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment	 	 	180	 	 	 	75	 	 	 	842	 	
Proceeds from notes receivable	 	 	2,500	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Acquisition of business, net of cash acquired	 	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	(4,746	)	
Net cash used in investing activities	 	 	(846	)	 	 	(12,393	)	 	 	(9,159	)	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Cash flows from financing activities:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Borrowings under credit facilities	 	 	-	 	 	 	2,891	 	 	 	-	 	
Payments on credit facilities	 	 	-	 	 	 	(2,891	)	 	 	-	 	
Proceeds from long-term debt	 	 	138	 	 	 	223	 	 	 	17	 	
Payments on long-term debt	 	 	(86	)	 	 	(73	)	 	 	(102	)	
Payment of contingent consideration on acquisitions	 	 	(460	)	 	 	(756	)	 	 	-	 	
Net cash provided from (used in) the exercise, vesting or cancellation of stock incentive awards	 	 	699	 	 	 	220	 	 	 	(153	)	
Cash paid related to tax impact of stock incentive plan transactions	 	 	(118	)	 	 	(134	)	 	 	(222	)	
Payment of dividends	 	 	(3,414	)	 	 	(3,383	)	 	 	(3,348	)	
Net cash used in financing activities	 	 	(3,241	)	 	 	(3,903	)	 	 	(3,808	)	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	 	 	8,959	 	 	 	(9,929	)	 	 	17,170	 	
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year	 	 	21,748	 	 	 	31,677	 	 	 	14,507	 	
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year	 	$	30,707	 	 	$	21,748	 	 	$	31,677	 	
 
See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

44

 
 
SPARTAN MOTORS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)
 
NOTE 1 - GENERAL AND SUMMARY OF ACCOUNTING POLICIES
 
Nature of Operations. Spartan Motors, Inc. (the “Company”) is a custom engineer and manufacturer of specialized motor vehicle chassis and bodies. The Company’s principal chassis markets are emergency response vehicles, motor homes and other specialty vehicles. The Company also has various subsidiaries that are manufacturers of bodies for various markets including emergency response vehicles and delivery and service vehicles.
 
Principles of Consolidation. The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries: Spartan Chassis, Inc. (“Spartan Chassis”), Crimson Fire, Inc. (“Crimson”), Crimson Fire Aerials, Inc. (“Crimson Aerials”), Utilimaster Corporation (“Utilimaster”) and Classic Fire, LLC (which was acquired on April 1, 2011) (“Classic Fire”). In November, 2012, Crimson entered into a joint venture with Gimaex Holding, Inc. to form Spartan-Gimaex Innovations, LLC (“Spartan-Gimaex”). All intercompany transactions have been eliminated.
 
Non-Controlling Interest
Crimson holds a 50% share in Spartan-Gimaex, but has the ability to exert majority influence on the operations of Spartan-Gimaex. Accordingly, Spartan-Gimaex is reported as a consolidated subsidiary of Spartan Motors, Inc., within the Emergency Response Vehicles segment.
 
Use of Estimates. In the preparation of the Company’s financial statements in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting
Principles (“GAAP”), management uses estimates and makes judgments and assumptions that affect asset and liability values and the amounts reported as income and expense during the periods presented. Certain of these estimates, judgments and assumptions, such as the allowance for credit losses, warranty expenses, earn-out liabilities, impairment assessments and the provision for income taxes, are particularly sensitive. If actual results are different from estimates used by management, they may have a material impact on the financial statements.
 
Revenue Recognition. The Company recognizes revenue in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification Topic (“ASC”) 605. Accordingly, revenue is recognized when title to the product and risk of ownership passes to the buyer. In certain instances, risk of ownership and title passes when the product has been completed in accordance with purchase order specifications and has been tendered for delivery to the customer. On certain customer requested bill and hold transactions, revenue recognition occurs after the customer has been notified that the products have been completed according to the customer specifications, have passed all of the Company’s quality control inspections, and are ready for delivery. All sales are shown net of returns, discounts and sales incentive programs, which historically have not been significant. Rebates for certain product sales, which are known and accrued at time of sale, are reflected as a reduction of revenue. Service revenue is immaterial at less than one percent of total sales. The collectability of any related receivable is reasonably assured before revenue is recognized.
 
Shipping and Handling of Products. Costs incurred related to the shipment and handling of products are classified in cost of products sold. Amounts billed to customers for shipping and handling of products are included in sales.
 
Cash and Cash Equivalents include cash on hand, cash on deposit, treasuries and money market funds. The Company considers all investments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. Cash that will be required for operations within 90 days or less will be invested in money market funds or treasuries.

45

 
 
SPARTAN MOTORS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)
 
Accounts Receivable. The Company’s receivables are subject to credit risk, and the Company does not typically require collateral on its accounts receivable. The Company performs periodic credit evaluations of its customers’ financial condition and generally requires a security interest in the products sold. Receivables generally are due within 30 to 60 days. The Company maintains an allowance for customer accounts that reduces receivables to amounts that are expected to be collected. In estimating the allowance for doubtful accounts, management makes certain assumptions regarding the risk of uncollectable open receivable accounts. This risk factor is applied to the balance on accounts that are aged over 90 days: generally this reserve has an estimated range from 10-25%. The risk percentage applied to the aged accounts may change based on conditions such as: general economic conditions, industry-specific economic conditions, historical and anticipated customer performance, historical experience with write-offs and the level of past-due amounts from year to year. However, generally the Company’s assumptions are consistent year-over-year and there has been little adjustment made to the percentages used. In addition, in the event there are certain known risk factors with an open account, the Company may increase the allowance to include estimated losses on such “specific” account balances. The “specific” reserves are identified by a periodic review of the aged accounts receivable. If there is an account in question, credit checks are made and there is communication with the customer, along with other means to try to assess if a specific reserve is required. The inclusion of the “specific” reserve has caused the greatest fluctuation in the allowance for doubtful accounts balance historically. Past due accounts are written off when collectability is determined to be no longer assured.
 
Inventories are stated at the lower of first-in, first-out cost or market. Estimated inventory allowances for slow-moving inventory are based upon current assessments about future demands, market conditions and related management initiatives. If market conditions are less favorable than those projected by management, additional inventory allowances may be required.
 
Property, Plant and Equipment is stated at cost and the related assets are depreciated over their estimated useful lives on a straight line basis for financial statement purposes and an accelerated method for income tax purposes. Cost includes an amount of interest associated with significant capital projects. Estimated useful lives range from 20 to 31.5 years for buildings and improvements, 3 to 15 years for plant machinery and equipment, 3 to 7 years for furniture and fixtures and 3 to 5 years for vehicles. Leasehold improvements are depreciated over the shorter of the lease term or the estimated useful life of the asset. Maintenance and repair costs are charged to earnings, while expenditures that increase asset lives are capitalized. The Company reviews its property, plant and equipment, along with all other long-lived assets that have finite lives, including finite-lived intangible assets, for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying amounts may not be recoverable. Assets held-for-sale are recorded at the lower of historical depreciated cost or the estimated fair value less costs to sell.
 
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets. Goodwill represents the excess of the cost of a business combination over the fair value of the net assets acquired.  Goodwill and intangible assets deemed to have indefinite lives are not amortized, but are subject to impairment tests on an annual basis, or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. Goodwill is allocated to the reporting unit from which it was created. A reporting unit is an operating segment or sub-segment to which goodwill is assigned when initially recorded. The Company annually reviews indefinite lived intangible assets for impairment by comparing the carrying value of those assets to their fair value.
 
Other intangible assets with finite lives are amortized over their estimated useful lives and are tested for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying amounts may not be recoverable.
 
The Company performs its annual goodwill and indefinite lived intangible assets impairment test as of October 1 and monitors for interim triggering events on an ongoing basis.  The Company first assesses qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. Under authoritative guidance, the Company is not required to calculate the fair value of a reporting unit unless it determines that it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. The Company has the option to bypass the qualitative assessment and proceed to the first step of the two-step impairment test.

46

 
 
SPARTAN MOTORS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)
 
If the Company elects to bypass the qualitative assessment for a reporting unit, or if after completing the assessment it is determined to be more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying value, the Company performs a two-step impairment test, whereby the first step is comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount, including goodwill. The fair value of the reporting unit is determined by estimating the future cash flows of the reporting unit to which the goodwill relates, and then discounting the future cash flows at a market-participant-derived weighted-average cost of capital (“WACC”). In determining the estimated future cash flows, management considers current and projected future levels of income based on its plans for that business; business trends, prospects and market and economic conditions; and market-participant considerations. If the fair value of a reporting unit exceeds its carrying amount, goodwill of the reporting unit is considered to not be impaired and the second step of the test is not performed. The second step of the impairment test is performed when the carrying amount of the reporting unit exceeds the fair value, in which case the implied fair value of the reporting unit goodwill is compared with the carrying amount of that goodwill based on a hypothetical allocation of the reporting unit’s fair value to all of its underlying assets and liabilities. If the carrying amount of the reporting unit goodwill exceeds the implied fair value of that goodwill, an impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to the excess.
 
The Company evaluates the recoverability of its indefinite lived intangible assets, which consist of its Utilimaster and Classic Fire trade names, based on estimates of future royalty payments that are avoided through its ownership of the trade names, discounted to their present value. In determining the estimated fair value of the trade names, management considers current and projected future levels of revenue based on its plans for Utilimaster and Classic Fire, business trends, prospects and market and economic conditions.
 
Significant judgments inherent in these assessments and analyses include assumptions about macroeconomic and industry conditions, appropriate sales growth rates, WACC and the amount of expected future net cash flows. The judgments and assumptions used in the estimate of fair value are generally consistent with the projections and assumptions that are used in current operating plans. Such assumptions are subject to change as a result of changing economic and competitive conditions. The determination of fair value is highly sensitive to differences between estimated and actual cash flows and changes in the related discount rate used to evaluate the fair value of the reporting units and trade names.
 
See Note 6, Goodwill and Intangible Assets, for further details on the Company’s goodwill and other intangible assets.
 
Warranties. The Company’s policy is to record a provision for the estimated cost of warranty-related claims at the time of the sale, and periodically adjust the warranty liability to reflect actual experience. The amount of warranty liability accrued reflects management’s best estimate of the expected future cost of honoring the Company’s obligations under the warranty agreements. The Company’s estimates are based on historical experience, the number of units involved and the extent of features and components included in product models. See Note 12,  Commitments and Contingent Liabilities , for further information regarding warranties.
 
Deposits from Customers. The Company receives advance payments from customers for future product orders and records these amounts as liabilities. Such deposits are accepted by the Company when presented by customers seeking improved pricing in connection with orders that are placed for products to be manufactured and sold at a future date. Deposits from customers was $18,006 and $6,386 at December 31, 2013 and 2012. The increase in 2013 is due to the election of certain customers to make deposits on orders, including a $5,000 deposit on a 70 unit fire truck order from Peru. Revenue associated with these deposits is deferred and recognized upon shipment of the related product to the customer.
 
Research and Development. The Company’s research and development costs, which consist of compensation costs, travel and entertainment, administrative expenses and new product development among other items, are expensed as incurred.
 
Taxes on Income. The Company accounts for income taxes under a method that requires deferred income tax assets and liabilities to be recognized using enacted tax rates for the effect of temporary differences between the book and tax bases of recorded assets and liabilities. Authoritative guidance also requires deferred income tax assets, which include state tax credit carryforwards, operating loss carryforwards and deductible temporary differences, be reduced by a valuation allowance if it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred income tax assets will not be realized.
 
The Company evaluates the likelihood of realizing its deferred income tax assets by assessing its valuation allowance and by adjusting the amount of such allowance, if necessary. The factors used to assess the likelihood of realization are the Company’s forecast of future taxable income, the projected reversal of temporary differences and available tax planning strategies that could be implemented to realize the net deferred income tax assets.

47

 
 
SPARTAN MOTORS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)
 
The Company recognizes the tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities. The determination is based on the technical merits of the position and presumes that each uncertain tax position will be examined by the relevant taxing authority that has full knowledge of all relevant information. Although management believes the estimates are reasonable, no assurance can be given that the final outcome of these matters will not be different than what is reflected in the historical income tax provisions and accruals.
 
Interest and penalties attributable to income taxes are recorded as a component of income taxes. 
 
Earnings Per Share. Basic earnings per share is based on the weighted average number of common shares, share equivalents of stock appreciation rights (“SAR”s) and participating securities outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share also include the dilutive effect of additional potential common shares issuable from stock options and are determined using the treasury stock method. Basic earnings per share represents net earnings divided by basic weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period, including the average dilutive effect of the Company’s SARs outstanding during the period determined using the treasury stock method. Diluted earnings per share represents net earnings divided by diluted weighted average number of common shares outstanding, which includes the average dilutive effect of the Company’s stock options outstanding during the period. The Company’s unvested stock awards are included in the number of shares outstanding for both basic and diluted earnings per share calculations, unless a net loss is reported, in which situation unvested stock awards are excluded from the number of shares outstanding for both basic and diluted earnings per share calculations. See Note 14,  Earnings Per Share,  for further details.
 
Stock Incentive Plans. Share based payment compensation costs for equity-based awards is measured on the grant date based on the fair value of the award at that date, and is recognized over the requisite service period, net of estimated forfeitures. Fair value of stock option and stock appreciation rights awards are estimated using a closed option valuation (Black-Scholes) model. Fair value of restricted stock awards is based upon the quoted market price of the common stock on the date of grant. The Company’s incentive stock plans are described in more detail in Note 11,  Stock Based Compensation .
 
Fair Value. The Company is required to disclose the fair value of its financial instruments. The carrying value at December 31, 2013 and 2012 of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable and accounts payable approximate their fair value due to their short term nature. The carrying value of variable rate debt instruments approximate their fair value based on their relative terms and market rates.
 
Reclassifications. Certain immaterial amounts in the prior years’ financial statements have been reclassified to conform to the current year’s presentation.
 
Segment Reporting. The Company identifies its reportable segments based on its management structure and the financial data utilized by the chief operating decision maker to assess segment performance and allocate resources among the Company’s operating units. The Company has three reportable segments: Emergency Response Vehicles, Delivery and Service Vehicles, and Specialty Chassis and Vehicles. More detailed information about the reportable segments can be found in Note 15 -  Business Segments .
 
Supplemental Disclosures of Cash Flow Information. Cash paid for interest was $311, $273 and $273 for 2013, 2012 and 2011. Cash paid for income taxes, net of refunds, was $370, $3,873 and $629 for 2013, 2012 and 2011. Non-cash investing activities in 2011 included the issuance of common stock valued at $1,029 in conjunction with the acquisition of Classic Fire, LLC.
 
New Accounting Standard
 
In July 2013, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2013-11, “Presentation of an Unrecognized Tax Benefit When a Net Operating Loss Carryforward, a Similar Tax Loss, or a Tax Credit Carryforward Exists” (“ASU 2013-11”). ASU 2013-11 amends the guidance related to the presentation of unrecognized tax benefits and allows for the reduction of a deferred tax asset for a net operating loss (“NOL”) carryforward whenever the NOL or tax credit carryforward would be available to reduce the additional taxable income or tax due if the tax position is disallowed. ASU 2013-11 is effective for annual and interim periods for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2013, and early adoption is permitted. The Company does not believe that the adoption of the provisions of ASU 2013-11 will have a material impact on its consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

48

 
 
SPARTAN MOTORS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)
NOTE 2 – ACQUISITION ACTIVITIES
 
On April 1, 2011, the Company completed its acquisition of substantially all of the assets and related liabilities of Classic Fire, a manufacturer of emergency response vehicles and fire apparatus. The acquisition of Classic Fire has allowed the Company to expand its offerings in the emergency response vehicles market into segments and price points that complement its offerings from Spartan Chassis, Crimson and Crimson Aerials, as well as provide strategic sourcing of pump modules and other technology. Classic Fire is reported as a component of the Company’s Emergency Response Vehicles segment. The pro forma effect of the acquisition on the Company’s results of operations is not material.
 
The revenue and earnings of Classic Fire, included in the Company’s results since the April 1, 2011 acquisition, and acquisition related expenses included in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations are not material.
 
This acquisition was accounted for using the purchase method of accounting and the purchase price was allocated to the assets purchased and liabilities assumed based upon their estimated fair values at the date of acquisition. Identifiable intangible assets acquired include a trade name, customer and dealer relationships, unpatented technology and certain non-compete agreements. The excess purchase price over the net tangible and intangible assets acquired of $2,397 was recorded as goodwill, which is expected to be deductible for tax purposes. See Note 6  Goodwill and Intangible Assets  for further information on the Company’s goodwill. The purchase price consisted of cash consideration of $3,975, net of cash acquired of $25, paid by the Company at closing; a working capital adjustment of $771; Spartan Motors, Inc. common stock valued at $1,029 and a contingency for certain performance-based earn out payments recorded at $180, discounted to April 1, 2011. The performance-based earn out payments provided for additional consideration, up to a maximum amount of $1,000 that could have been paid to the sellers of Classic Fire. No payments were made, and no payments will be required to be made under this earn-out agreement. During the year ended December 31, 2012, the Company recorded an adjustment to operating expenses of $(83) to bring the contingent liability to $0 based on the expected future payment amounts. During the year ended December 31, 2011, the Company recorded an adjustment to operating expenses of $(97) to bring the contingent liability to $83 based on the expected future payment amounts, discounted to December 31, 2011.
 
The purchase price was allocated to assets acquired and liabilities assumed as follows:
 
Cash and cash equivalents	 	$	25	 	
Accounts receivable	 	 	635	 	
Inventory	 	 	1,352	 	
Other current assets	 	 	7	 	
Property, plant and equipment	 	 	451	 	
Intangible assets	 	 	1,650	 	
Goodwill	 	 	2,397	 	
Total assets acquired	 	 	6,517	 	

Accounts payable	 	 	186	 	
Accrued warranty	 	 	140	 	
Other current liabilities	 	 	31	 	
Other non-current liabilities	 	 	180	 	
Total liabilities assumed	 	 	537	 	
 	 	 	 	 	
Total purchase price	 	$	5,980	 	
 
The Company leases the land and building that houses the operations of Classic Fire, from an entity that is controlled by the sellers of Classic Fire, under an operating lease with an initial term of three years. The lease contains options allowing the Company to renew the lease for an additional three year term, or purchase the property at a fixed price at any time during the initial lease period or the renewal period, if any. For purchase accounting purposes, the Company recorded an unfavorable lease liability valued at $180 at April 1, 2011. For the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, the Company accreted $60, $60 and $45 to earnings as amortization of this liability.

49

 
 
SPARTAN MOTORS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)
 
NOTE 3 – INVENTORIES
 
 Inventories are summarized as follows:
 	 	December 31,	 	
 	 	2013	 	 	2012	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Finished goods	 	$	17,168	 	 	$	15,276	 	
Work in process	 	 	25,453	 	 	 	11,967	 	
Raw materials and purchased components	 	 	41,093	 	 	 	43,404	 	
Reserve for slow-moving inventory	 	 	(2,295	)	 	 	(3,056	)	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total Inventory	 	$	81,419	 	 	$	67,591	 	
 
Included in the “Raw materials and purchased components” line item above at December 31, 2013 and 2012 is $423 and $9,626, for transitional engines purchased for the 2013 engine emissions change.
 
The Company also has a number of demonstration units as part of its sales and training program. These demonstration units are included in the “Finished goods” line item above, and amounted to $8,861 and $9,653 at December 31, 2013 and 2012. When the demonstration units are sold, the cost related to the demonstration unit is included in Cost of products sold on the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Income.
 
Work in process inventory increased from December 31, 2012 primarily due to supplier issues that delayed the final production of units in the Delivery and Service Vehicle segment.

NOTE 4 - PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT
 
Property, plant and equipment are summarized by major classifications as follows:
 
 	 	December 31,	 	
 	 	2013	 	 	2012	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Land and improvements	 	$	4,778	 	 	$	4,570	 	
Buildings and improvements	 	 	59,170	 	 	 	56,931	 	
Plant machinery and equipment	 	 	35,357	 	 	 	28,401	 	
Furniture and fixtures	 	 	15,899	 	 	 	15,959	 	
Vehicles	 	 	2,888	 	 	 	3,034	 	
Construction in process	 	 	2,947	 	 	 	10,355	 	
Subtotal	 	 	121,039	 	 	 	119,250	 	
Less accumulated depreciation	 	 	(66,761	)	 	 	(60,128	)	
Total property, plant and equipment, net	 	$	54,278	 	 	$	59,122	 	
 
At December 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012, one building at the Wakarusa, Indiana facility was recorded as held-for-sale at its estimated selling price less costs to sell.
 
During the year ended December 31, 2013, the Company incurred impairment charges of $344, which is recorded within Selling, general and administrative expense on the Company’s Consolidated Statement of Operations, to write down the value of its remaining building in Wakarusa, Indiana, which is classified as held-for-sale, to its current estimated selling price, less costs to sell.
 
During 2012, the Company engaged in certain restructuring activities related to the move of its Delivery and Service Vehicles operations from its Wakarusa, Indiana campus to a leased facility in Bristol, Indiana. These restructuring activities included the write down of $5,468 for buildings and equipment at the Company’s Wakarusa, Indiana campus that were reclassified as held-for-sale in 2012. On December 31, 2012 the Company completed the sale of certain buildings and the associated land at its Wakarusa, Indiana facility and recorded an immaterial loss on the sale. The terms of the sale include the receipt by the Company of a note receivable of $2,500, recorded within other current assets on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheet at December 31, 2012. The note matured, and was collected, during the first half of 2013, leaving a balance of $0 at December 31, 2013.
 
There were no capitalized interest costs in 2013 or 2012.

50

 
 
SPARTAN MOTORS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)
 
NOTE 5 - LEASES
 
The Company leases certain office equipment, computer hardware, manufacturing equipment and manufacturing and warehouse space under operating lease agreements. These lease agreements include manufacturing and office space in Bristol, Indiana that is leased under a ten year lease agreement commencing March 1, 2012 at a rental rate of $60 per month. Leases generally provide that the Company shall pay the cost of utilities, insurance, taxes and maintenance. Rent expense for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011 was $ 2,600, $2,205 and $1,201.
 
Future minimum operating lease commitments under non-cancelable leases are as follows:
 
Year	 	Future Minimum Operating Lease Payments	 	
2014	 	$	1,687	 	
2015	 	 	1,297	 	
2016	 	 	1,059	 	
2017	 	 	1,038	 	
2018	 	 	873	 	
Thereafter	 	 	2,264	 	
 	 	 	 	 	
Total	 	$	8,218	 	

The Company leases certain office equipment, computer hardware and material handling equipment under capital lease agreements. Cost and accumulated depreciation of capitalized leased assets included in machinery and equipment are $732 and $393, respectively, at December 31, 2013. Future minimum capital lease commitments under non-cancelable leases are as follows:
 
Year	 	Future Minimum Capital Lease Payments	 	
2014	 	$	96	 	
2015	 	 	71	 	
2016	 	 	71	 	
2017	 	 	71	 	
2018	 	 	44	 	
Thereafter	 	 	33	 	
 	 	 	 	 	
Total lease obligations, including imputed interest	 	 	386	 	
 	 	 	 	 	
Less imputed interest charges	 	 	(46	)	
 	 	 	 	 	
Total outstanding capital lease obligations	 	$	340	 	

NOTE 6 – GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS
 
The Company tests goodwill for impairment at the reporting unit level on an annual basis as of October 1, or whenever an event or change in circumstances occurs that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying amount. See “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets” within Note 1  General and Summary of Accounting Policies  for a description of the Company’s accounting policies regarding goodwill and other intangible assets.

51

 
 
SPARTAN MOTORS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)
 
At December 31, 2012 the Company had recorded goodwill at its Crimson, Classic Fire and Utilimaster subsidiaries. Crimson and Classic Fire are components of the Company’s Emergency Response Vehicles reportable segment, which was determined to be a reporting unit for goodwill impairment testing under relevant authoritative guidance. Utilimaster comprises the Delivery and Service Vehicles reportable segment, which was also determined to be a reporting unit for goodwill impairment testing. The goodwill recorded in the Emergency Response Vehicles and Delivery and Service Vehicles reporting units was evaluated for impairment as of October 1, 2013 using a discounted cash flow valuation.
 
The estimated fair value of the Company’s Delivery and Service Vehicles reporting unit exceeded its carrying value by approximately 12% in 2013, indicating that the goodwill was not impaired. Based on the discounted cash flow valuation at October 1, 2013, an increase in the weighted average cost of capital (“WACC”) used for the Delivery and Service Vehicles reporting unit of approximately 160 basis points would not result in impairment. As discussed in Note 1,  General and Summary of Accounting Policies , there are significant judgments inherent in the Company’s impairment assessments and discounted cash flow analyses. These discounted cash flow analyses are most sensitive to the WACC assumption.
 
The Company’s 2012 goodwill impairment test for the Emergency Response Vehicles reporting unit indicated no impairment. However, its 2013 impairment test, as of October 1, 2013, indicated that the reporting unit’s carrying cost exceeded its estimated fair value, requiring the Company to compare the carrying value of this goodwill to its implied fair value, resulting in a non-cash impairment charge of $4,854 being recorded during the quarter ended December 31, 2013. While the Company believes that the future profitability of its Emergency Response Vehicles reporting unit is likely, the impairment reflects the failure of the Company to reverse the ongoing operating losses of this reporting unit over the past three years, and the inability to definitively demonstrate the reporting unit’s ability to generate sufficient cash flow, on a discounted basis, to cover the carrying cost of its assets. The assumptions used to estimate the fair value of the Emergency Response Vehicles reporting unit in 2013 reflect our current outlook for the reporting unit, which was revised as a result of the failure to meet forecasts. This revised outlook reflects lowered expectations for future growth in revenue and operating income than the estimates used in the 2012 goodwill impairment analysis for this reporting unit.
 
The Company’s goodwill by reportable segment is as follows (amounts in thousands):

 	 	Emergency Response
Vehicles
December 31,	 	 	Delivery and Service
Vehicles
December 31,	 	 	Total
December 31,	 	
 	 	2013	 	 	2012	 	 	2013	 	 	2012	 	 	2013	 	 	2012	 	
Goodwill, beginning of period	 	$	4,854	 	 	$	4,854	 	 	$	15,961	 	 	$	15,961	 	 	$	20,815	 	 	$	20,815	 	
Impairment losses during the period	 	 	(4,854	)	 	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	(4,854	)	 	 	-	 	
Goodwill, end of period	 	$	-	 	 	$	4,854	 	 	$	15,961	 	 	$	15,961	 	 	$	15,961	 	 	$	20,815	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Acquired goodwill	 	$	4,854	 	 	$	4,854	 	 	$	15,961	 	 	$	15,961	 	 	$	20,815	 	 	$	20,815	 	
Accumulated impairment	 	 	(4,854	)	 	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	(4,854	)	 	 	-	 	
Goodwill, net	 	$	-	 	 	$	4,854	 	 	$	15,961	 	 	$	15,961	 	 	$	15,961	 	 	$	20,815	 	
 
The Company has other intangible assets associated with its Utilimaster and Classic Fire subsidiaries, including customer relationships, non-compete agreements, unpatented technology, an acquired product development project and trade names. The non-compete agreement, unpatented technology, in-process research and development and certain other intangible assets resulting from the Classic Fire and Utilimaster acquisitions are being amortized over their expected remaining useful lives based on the pattern of estimated of after-tax operating income generated, or on a straight-line basis. The Company’s Utilimaster and Classic Fire trade names have indefinite lives, and are not amortized. The Company tests its trade names for impairment at least annually, and tests other intangible assets for impairment if impairment indicators are present.

52

 
 
SPARTAN MOTORS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)
 
As described above, during its annual goodwill impairment test at October 1, 2013 the Company determined that the goodwill of its Emergency Response Vehicles reporting unit was impaired, which the Company considered to be an impairment indicator for the intangible assets, and other long-lived assets, of the Emergency Response Vehicles reporting unit. During the fourth quarter of 2013, the Company conducted an impairment analysis on these assets, including the intangible assets of its Classic Fire subsidiary and found that the carrying cost of these assets was recoverable, and that the assets, accordingly, are not impaired.
 
The Company tested its Utilimaster and Classic Fire trade names for impairment, as of October 1, 2013 and 2012, by estimating the fair value of the trade names based on estimates of future royalty payments that are avoided through its ownership of the trade names, discounted to their present value. The estimated fair value of the Company’s Utilimaster trade name at October 1, 2013 exceeded its carrying cost by 85%. The estimated fair value of the Company’s Classic Fire trade name at October 1, 2013 exceeded its carrying cost by 187%. Accordingly, there was no impairment recorded on either of these trade names.
 
The Company recorded $958, $891 and $653 of intangible asset amortization expense during 2013, 2012 and 2011.
 
The following table provides information regarding the Company’s other intangible assets:
 
 	 	 	 	 	 	As of December 31, 2013	 	 	As of December 31, 2012	 	
 	 	Weighted average amortization period
(years)	 	 	Gross
carrying
amount	 	 	Accumulated amortization	 	 	Net	 	 	Gross
carrying
amount	 	 	Accumulated amortization	 	 	Net	 	
Customer and dealer relationships	 	 	  18	 	 	$	6,760	 	 	$	2,268	 	 	$	4,492	 	 	$	6,760	 	 	$	1,522	 	 	$	5,238	 	
Acquired product development project	 	 	  20	 	 	 	1,860	 	 	 	128	 	 	 	1,732	 	 	 	1,860	 	 	 	51	 	 	 	1,809	 	
Unpatented technology	 	 	  10	 	 	 	380	 	 	 	105	 	 	 	275	 	 	 	380	 	 	 	67	 	 	 	313	 	
Non-compete agreements	 	 	   6	 	 	 	520	 	 	 	355	 	 	 	165	 	 	 	520	 	 	 	258	 	 	 	262	 	
Backlog	 	less than 1	 	 	 	320	 	 	 	320	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	320	 	 	 	320	 	 	 	-	 	
Trade Names	 	indefinite	 	 	 	3,430	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	3,430	 	 	 	3,430	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	3,430	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	$	13,270	 	 	$	3,176	 	 	$	10,094	 	 	$	13,270	 	 	$	2,218	 	 	$	11,052	 	
 
The estimated remaining amortization associated with finite-lived intangible assets is expected to be expensed as follows:
 
 	 	Amount	 	
 	 	 	 	 	
2014	 	$	870	 	
2015	 	 	776	 	
2016	 	 	599	 	
2017	 	 	570	 	
2018	 	 	548	 	
Thereafter	 	 	3,301	 	
 	 	$	6,664	 	

53

 
 
SPARTAN MOTORS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)
 
NOTE 7 - TAXES ON INCOME
 
Income taxes consist of the following:
 
 	 	Year Ended December 31,	 	
 	 	2013	 	 	2012	 	 	2011	 	
Current:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Federal	 	$	111	 	 	$	2,156	 	 	$	452	 	
State	 	 	(302	)	 	 	715	 	 	 	546	 	
Total current	 	 	(191	)	 	 	2,871	 	 	 	998	 	
Deferred (credit):	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Federal	 	 	(1,499	)	 	 	(2,762	)	 	 	(71	)	
State	 	 	(191	)	 	 	(9	)	 	 	(417	)	
Total deferred	 	 	(1,690	)	 	 	(2,771	)	 	 	(488	)	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
TOTAL TAXES ON INCOME	 	$	(1,881	)	 	$	100	 	 	$	510	 	
 
The above current tax expense amounts differ from the actual amounts payable to the taxing authorities due to the tax impact associated with stock incentive plan transactions under the plans described in Note 11,  Stock Based Compensation . These adjustments were an addition of $118, $134 and $222 in 2013, 2012 and 2011. The adjustments to current taxes on income were recognized as adjustments of additional paid-in capital.
 
The American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012 (the “Act”) was signed into law in 2013. Among other things the Act renewed the federal research and development tax credit for calendar years 2012 and 2013. The Company included the credit in its 2012 federal income tax return and therefore reflected it in the computation of taxes on income in 2012.
 
Differences between the expected income tax expense derived from applying the federal statutory income tax rate to earnings from continuing operations before taxes on income and the actual tax expense are as follows:

 	 	Year Ended December 31,	 	
 	 	2013	 	 	2012	 	 	2011	 	
 	 	Amount	 	 	Percentage	 	 	Amount	 	 	Percentage	 	 	Amount	 	 	Percentage	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Federal income taxes at the statutory rate	 	$	(2,669	)	 	 	34.00	%	 	$	(801	)	 	 	34.00	%	 	$	436	 	 	 	34.00	%	
Increase (decrease) in income taxes resulting from:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Deferred income tax adjustment	 	 	654	 	 	 	(8.33	)	 	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	
Non-deductible goodwill impairment	 	 	525	 	 	 	(6.69	)	 	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	
Nondeductible earn-out expense	 	 	63	 	 	 	(0.80	)	 	 	961	 	 	 	(40.77	)	 	 	357	 	 	 	27.82	 	
Other nondeductible expenses	 	 	141	 	 	 	(1.80	)	 	 	108	 	 	 	(4.58	)	 	 	61	 	 	 	4.75	 	
State tax expense, net of federal
income tax benefit	 	 	(371	)	 	 	4.73	 	 	 	423	 	 	 	(17.95	)	 	 	46	 	 	 	3.59	 	
Net impact of adjustment of valuation allowance	 	 	(19	)	 	 	0.24	 	 	 	40	 	 	 	(1.70	)	 	 	(103	)	 	 	(8.02	)	
Section 199 production deduction	 	 	(70	)	 	 	0.89	 	 	 	(182	)	 	 	7.72	 	 	 	(85	)	 	 	(6.62	)	
Federal research and development
tax credit	 	 	(135	)	 	 	1.72	 	 	 	(294	)	 	 	12.47	 	 	 	(327	)	 	 	(25.48	)	
Other	 	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	(155	)	 	 	6.57	 	 	 	125	 	 	 	9.71	 	
TOTAL	 	$	(1,881	)	 	 	23.96	%	 	$	100	 	 	 	(4.24	)%	 	$	510	 	 	 	39.75	%	

54

 
 
SPARTAN MOTORS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)
 
Temporary differences which give rise to deferred income tax assets (liabilities) are as follows:
 
 	 	December 31,	 	
 	 	2013	 	 	2012	 	
Current asset (liability):	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
State tax credit and net operating loss carry-forwards, net of federal income tax benefit	 	$	3,932	 	 	$	4,038	 	
Warranty reserve	 	 	3,315	 	 	 	2,718	 	
Inventory costs and reserves	 	 	1,840	 	 	 	1,979	 	
Compensation related accruals	 	 	817	 	 	 	980	 	
Workers compensation accrual	 	 	231	 	 	 	93	 	
Prepaid insurance	 	 	(147	)	 	 	(427	)	
Other	 	 	315	 	 	 	496	 	
Total - Current	 	 	10,303	 	 	 	9,877	 	
Valuation Allowance	 	 	(3,567	)	 	 	(3,586	)	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total - Current, Net	 	$	6,736	 	 	$	6,291	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Noncurrent asset (liability):	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Goodwill	 	$	(2,181	)	 	$	(3,740	)	
Depreciation	 	 	(2,172	)	 	 	(3,514	)	
Stock based compensation	 	 	1,082	 	 	 	2,723	 	
Other	 	 	62	 	 	 	77	 	
Total – Noncurrent, net	 	$	(3,209	)	 	$	(4,454	)	
 
At December 31, 2013 and 2012, the Company had state deferred tax assets, related to state tax net operating loss carry-forwards, of approximately $1,202 and $1,183, which begin expiring in 2018. Also, as of December 31, 2013 and 2012, the Company had state deferred tax assets, related to state tax credit carry-forwards, of approximately $4,848 and $5,030, which begin expiring in 2019. The Company has valuation allowances against these deferred tax assets, which are reflected in the above table net of federal income taxes, and expects to maintain these allowances on future tax benefits of state net operating losses and tax credits until an appropriate level of profitability is sustained or the Company is able to develop tax strategies that will enable it to conclude that, more likely than not, a portion of the deferred tax assets will be realizable in the particular states.
 
A reconciliation of the change in the unrecognized tax benefits (“UTB”) for the three years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011 is as follows:
 
 	 	2013	 	 	2012	 	 	2011	 	
Balance at January 1,	 	$	1,166	 	 	$	990	 	 	$	987	 	
Increase (decrease) related to prior year tax positions	 	 	16	 	 	 	245	 	 	 	(62	)	
Increase related to current year tax positions	 	 	42	 	 	 	76	 	 	 	150	 	
Settlements	 	 	-	 	 	 	(25	)	 	 	176	 	
Expiration of statute	 	 	(391	)	 	 	(120	)	 	 	(261	)	
Balance at December 31,	 	$	833	 	 	$	1,166	 	 	$	990	 	

55

 
 
SPARTAN MOTORS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)
 
As of December 31, 2013, the Company had an ending UTB balance of $833 along with $283 of interest and penalties, for a total of $1,116. Of this total, $753 was recorded as current and $363 as non-current, based on the applicable statute of limitations. The change in interest and penalties amounted to a decrease of $176 in 2013, an increase of $165 in 2012, and a decrease of $49 in 2011, which were reflected in taxes on income within the Consolidated Statements of Income.
 
In 2013 the Company’s 2011 federal income tax return was selected for examination by federal taxing authorities. Although the examination is ongoing, management believes adequate provision for federal income taxes has been recorded.
 
As of December 31, 2013, the Company is no longer subject to examination by federal taxing authorities for 2006 and earlier years. 
 
The Company also files tax returns in a number of states and those jurisdictions remain subject to audit in accordance with relevant state statutes. These audits can involve complex issues that may require an extended period of time to resolve and may cover multiple years. To the extent the Company prevails in matters for which reserves have been established, or is required to pay amounts in excess of its reserves, the Company’s effective income tax rate in a given fiscal period could be materially affected. An unfavorable tax settlement would require use of the Company’s cash and could result in an increase in the Company’s effective income tax rate in the period of resolution. A favorable tax settlement could result in a reduction in the Company’s effective income tax rate in the period of resolution. The Company does not expect the total amount of unrecognized tax benefits to significantly increase or decrease over the next twelve months.
 
On September 13, 2013, the U.S. Treasury Department and the IRS issued final regulations that address costs incurred in acquiring, producing, or improving tangible property (the "tangible property regulations"). The tangible property regulations are generally effective for tax years beginning on or after January 1, 2014. The tangible property regulations will most likely require the Company to make additional tax accounting method changes as of January 1, 2014; however, management does not anticipate the impact of these changes will be material to the Company’s consolidated financial position or results of operations.

56

 
 
SPARTAN MOTORS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)
 
NOTE 8 - DEBT
 
Long-term debt consists of the following:
 
 	 	December 31,
2013	 	 	December 31,
2012	 	
Note payable to Prudential Investment Management, Inc. Principal due December 1, 2016 with quarterly interestonly payments of $68 at 5.46%. Unsecured debt. (1)	 	$	5,000	 	 	$	5,000	 	
Line of credit revolver (2):	 	 	--	 	 	 	--	 	
Capital lease obligations (See Note 5 – Leases)	 	 	340	 	 	 	289	 	
Total debt	 	 	5,340	 	 	 	5,289	 	
Less current portion of long-term debt	 	 	(79	)	 	 	(82	)	
Total long-term debt	 	$	5,261	 	 	$	5,207	 	
 
The long-term debt due is as follows; $79 in 2014; $59 in 2015; $5,062 in 2016; $65 in 2017 and $75 thereafter.
 
 	(1)	The Company has a private shelf agreement with Prudential Investment Management, Inc., which allows the Company to borrow up to $50,000 to be issued in $5,000 minimum increments. On November 30, 2012, we entered into an amendment to our existing amended and restated private shelf agreement with Prudential Investment Management, Inc. The amended agreement extended the period during which we may issue private notes by three years to November 30, 2015 and increased the limit of the uncommitted shelf facility up to $50,000. The interest rate is determined based on applicable rates at the time of issuance. The Company had $5,000 of private placement notes outstanding at December 31, 2013 and 2012 with Prudential Investment Management, Inc.	
 
 	(2)	The Company’s primary line of credit is a $70,000 unsecured revolving line with Well Fargo Bank and JPMorgan Chase Bank, expiring on December 16, 2016. Both lending institutions equally share this commitment. The terms of this credit agreement allow the Company to request an increase in the facility of up to $35,000 in the aggregate, subject to customary terms. This line carries an interest rate of the higher of either (i) the highest of prime rate, the federal funds effective rate plus 0.5%, or the one month adjusted LIBOR plus 1.00%; or (ii) adjusted LIBOR plus margin based upon the Company’s ratio of debt to earnings from time to time. The Company had no borrowings on this line at December 31, 2013 or 2012. General Motors Company (“GM”) has the ability to draw up to $5,000 against the Company’s primary line of credit in relation to chassis supplied to Utilimaster under a chassis bailment inventory program, resulting in net available borrowings of $65,000 at December 31, 2013. See Note 12,  Commitments and Contingent Liabilities  for further information about this chassis bailment inventory program. The applicable borrowing rate including margin was 3.25% at December 31, 2013.	
 
Under the terms of the primary line of credit agreement and the private shelf agreement, the Company is required to maintain certain financial ratios and other financial conditions, which limited the Company’s available borrowings under its line of credit to a total of approximately $23,800 at December 31, 2013. The agreements also prohibit the Company from incurring additional indebtedness; limit certain acquisitions, investments, advances or loans; and restrict substantial asset sales. At December 31, 2013 and 2012, the Company was in compliance with all debt covenants.

NOTE 9 - TRANSACTIONS WITH MAJOR CUSTOMERS
 
Major customers are defined as those with sales greater than 10 percent of consolidated sales in a given year. For comparative purposes, amounts are presented for those customers in the other years presented.

57

 
 
SPARTAN MOTORS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)
 
The Company had one customer classified as a major customer in 2013 (Customer A), which was a customer of the Specialty Chassis and Vehicles segment, while the customer classified as major in 2012 and 2011 (Customer B) was from the Delivery and Service Vehicles segment. Information about our major customers is as follows:
 
 	 	2013	 	 	2012	 	 	2011	 	

Customer	 	

Sales	 	 	Accounts
Receivable
(at year end)	 	 	

Sales	 	 	Accounts
Receivable
(at year end)	 	 	

Sales	 	 	Accounts
Receivable
(at year end)	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Customer A	 	$	65,144	 	 	$	6,684	 	 	$	41,792	 	 	$	4,824	 	 	$	12,986	 	 	$	1,868	 	
Customer B	 	 	27,152	 	 	 	209	 	 	 	59,074	 	 	 	331	 	 	 	73,508	 	 	 	2,272	 	

NOTE 10 - COMPENSATION INCENTIVE PLANS
 
The Company sponsors defined contribution retirement plans which cover all associates who meet length of service and minimum age requirements. The Company’s matching contributions vest over 5 years and were $604, $380 and $271 in 2013, 2012 and 2011. These amounts were expensed as incurred.
 
The Spartan Motors, Inc. Economic Value Add Plan (the “EVA Plan”) encompasses a quarterly and an annual bonus program. The quarterly program covers certain full-time employees of the Company. The cash bonuses paid under the quarterly program are equal for all participants. Amounts expensed for the quarterly bonus were $867, $1,134 and $1,024 for 2013, 2012 and 2011.
 
The annual bonus provides that executive officers and certain designated managers may earn cash bonuses based on the Company’s achievement of a target amount of net operating profit after tax for a given year, less a capital charge based upon the tangible net operating assets employed in the business, along with achievement of certain pre-defined management objectives. Amounts expensed for the annual bonus were $236, $1,698 and $1,149 for 2013, 2012 and 2011.

NOTE 11 - STOCK BASED COMPENSATION
 
The Company has stock incentive plans covering certain employees and non-employee directors. Shares reserved for stock awards under these plans total 4,725,000. Total shares remaining available for stock incentive grants under these plans totaled 2,740,000 at December 31, 2013. The Company is currently authorized to grant new stock options, restricted stock, restricted stock units, stock appreciation rights and common stock under its various stock incentive plans which include its Stock Incentive Plan of 2005, Stock Incentive Plan of 2007 and Stock Incentive Plan of 2012. The stock incentive plans allow certain employees, officers and non-employee directors to purchase common stock of Spartan Motors at a price established on the date of grant. Incentive stock options granted under these plans must have an exercise price equal to or greater than 100% of the fair market value of Spartan Motors stock on the grant date.
 
Stock Options and Stock Appreciation Rights. Granted options and Stock Appreciation Rights (SARs) vest immediately and are exercisable for a period of 10 years from the grant date. The exercise price for all options and the base price for all SARs granted have been equal to the market price at the date of grant. Dividends are not paid on unexercised options or SARs. SARs are settled with shares of common stock upon exercise.
 
The Company receives a tax deduction for certain stock option exercises during the period the options are exercised, generally for the excess of the fair value of the stock on the date of exercise over the exercise price of the options. As required, the Company reports any excess tax benefits in its Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows as financing cash flows. Excess tax benefits derive from the difference between the tax deduction and the fair market value of the option as determined by the Black-Scholes valuation model.

58

 
 
SPARTAN MOTORS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)
 
Option activity for the year ended December 31, 2013 is as follows for all plans:

Total
Number
of Options
(000)	 	 	
Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price	 	 	

Total
Intrinsic
Value	 	 	Weighted
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Term (Years)	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Options outstanding and exercisable at December 31, 2012	 	 	438	 	 	$	4.84	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Granted and vested	 	 	--	 	 	 	--	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Exercised	 	 	(200	)	 	 	4.45	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Cancelled	 	 	(5	)	 	 	4.59	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Options outstanding and exercisable at December 31, 2013	 	 	233	 	 	 	5.18	 	 	$	353	 	 	 	1.1	 	
 
No options were granted in 2013, 2012 or 2011; accordingly, there was no related compensation expense nor income tax benefit recognized in the corresponding income statements. The total intrinsic value of options exercised during years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, were $339, $30 and $147.
 
SARs activity for the year ended December 31, 2013 is as follows for all plans:

Total
Number
of SARs
(000)	 	 	
Weighted
Average
Grant Date
Fair Value	 	 	

Total
Intrinsic
Value	 	 	Weighted
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Term (Years)	 	
SARs outstanding and exercisable at December 31, 2012	 	 	343	 	 	$	3.06	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Granted and vested	 	 	--	 	 	 	--	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Exercised	 	 	(3	)	 	 	2.03	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Cancelled	 	 	(35	)	 	 	3.30	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
SARs outstanding and exercisable at December 31, 2013	 	 	305	 	 	 	3.04	 	 	$	131	 	 	 	3.2	 	
 
No SARs were granted in 2013, 2012 or 2011; accordingly, there was no related compensation expense nor income tax benefit recognized in the corresponding income statements. These SARS could have been exercised for the issuance of 19,596 shares of the Company’s common stock at December 31, 2013. The total intrinsic value of SARs exercised during the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011 was $4, $7 and $3.

59

 
 
SPARTAN MOTORS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)
 
Restricted Stock Awards. The Company issues restricted stock, at no cash cost, to directors, officers and key employees of the Company. Shares awarded entitle the shareholder to all rights of common stock ownership except that the shares are subject to the risk of forfeiture and may not be sold, transferred, pledged, exchanged or otherwise disposed of during the vesting period, which is generally three to five years. The unearned stock-based compensation related to restricted stock awards, using the market price on the date of grant, is being amortized to compensation expense over the applicable vesting periods. Cash dividends are paid on unvested restricted stock grants and all such dividends vest immediately.
 
The Company receives an excess tax benefit or liability during the period the restricted shares vest. The excess tax benefit (liability) is determined by the excess (shortfall) of the market price of the stock on date of vesting over (under) the grant date market price used to amortize the awards to compensation expense. As required, any excess tax benefits or liabilities are reported in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows as financing cash flows.
 
Restricted stock activity for the year ended December 31, 2013, is as follows:
 
 	 	Total
Number of
Non-vested
Shares
(000)	 	 	
Weighted
Average
Grant Date
Fair Value	 	 	Weighted
Average
Remaining
Vesting Life
(Years)	 	
Non-vested shares outstanding at December 31, 2012	 	 	562	 	 	$	5.39	 	 	 	 	 	
Granted	 	 	274	 	 	 	5.24	 	 	 	 	 	
Vested	 	 	(261	)	 	 	5.36	 	 	 	 	 	
Cancelled	 	 	(89	)	 	 	5.30	 	 	 	 	 	
Non-vested shares outstanding at December 31, 2013	 	 	486	 	 	 	5.34	 	 	 	0.9	 	
 
The weighted-average grant date fair value of non-vested shares granted was $5.24, $5.43 and $4.30 for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011.
 
During 2013, 2012 and 2011, the Company recorded compensation expense, net of cancellations, of $1,624, $1,645 and $1,780, related to restricted stock awards and direct stock grants. The total income tax benefit recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Income related to restricted stock awards was $568, $576 and $623 for 2013, 2012 and 2011. For the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, restricted shares vested with a fair market value of $1,397, $1,603 and $1,134. When the fair value of restricted shares is lower on the date of vesting than that previously expensed for book purposes, an excess tax liability is booked. As of December 31, 2013, the Company had unearned stock-based compensation of $1,531 associated with these restricted stock grants, which will be recognized over a weighted average of 0.9 years.
 
Employee Stock Purchase Plan. The Company instituted an employee stock purchase plan (“ESPP”) beginning on October 1, 2011 whereby essentially all employees who meet certain service requirements can purchase the Company’s common stock on quarterly offering dates at 95% of the fair market value of the shares on the purchase date. A maximum of 750,000 shares are authorized for purchase until the ESPP termination date of February 24, 2021, or earlier termination of the ESPP. During the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012, the Company received proceeds of $81 and $104 for the purchase of 16,000 and 21,000 shares under the ESPP.

NOTE 12 - COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENT LIABILITIES
 
Under the terms of its credit agreement with its banks, the Company has the ability to issue letters of credit totaling $15,000. At December 31, 2013 and 2012, the Company had outstanding letters of credit totaling $10,429 and $200 related to certain emergency response vehicle contracts and the Company’s workers compensation insurance. The increase in the outstanding letters of credit at December 31, 2013 is mainly due to performance bonds issued in relation to the award of an order from Peru for 70 emergency response vehicles.
 
In December, 2011, the Company reached a settlement with a customer regarding certain supply contracts Spartan Chassis had completed but for which the customer claimed a post-delivery price adjustment.  An adjustment for the excess amount accrued over the settlement amount is reflected in sales for the year ended December 31, 2011.

60

 
 
SPARTAN MOTORS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)
 
At December 31, 2013, the Company and its subsidiaries were parties, both as plaintiff and defendant, to a number of lawsuits and claims arising out of the normal course of their businesses. In the opinion of management, the financial position, future operating results or cash flows of the Company will not be materially affected by the final outcome of these legal proceedings.
 
Chassis Agreements 
 
Utilimaster assembles van and truck bodies onto original equipment manufacturer (“OEM”) chassis. The majority of such OEM chassis are purchased directly by Utilimaster’s customers from the OEM and drop-shipped to Utilimaster’s premises. Utilimaster is a bailee of most other chassis under converter pool agreements with the OEMs, as described below. Chassis possessed under converter pool agreements are invoiced to the customer by the OEM or its affiliated financial institution based upon the terms of the converter pool agreements. On an annual basis, Utilimaster purchases and takes title to an immaterial number of chassis that ultimately are recorded as sales and cost of sales.   Converter pool chassis obtained from the OEMs are based upon estimated future requirements and, to a lesser extent, confirmed orders from customers. Although each manufacturer’s agreement has different terms and conditions, the agreements generally provide that the manufacturer will provide a supply of chassis to be maintained at Utilimaster’s production facility under the conditions that Utilimaster will store such chassis, will not make any additions or modifications to such chassis and will not move, sell or otherwise dispose of such chassis, except under the terms of the agreement. The manufacturer does not transfer the certificate of origin to Utilimaster and, accordingly, Utilimaster accounts for the chassis in the Company’s possession as bailed inventory belonging to the manufacturer.
 
Utilimaster is party to a chassis bailment inventory agreement with GM which allows GM to draw up to $5,000 against the Company’s revolving credit line for chassis placed at Utilimaster. As a result of this agreement, there was $1,865 and $3,718 outstanding on the Company’s revolving credit line on December 31, 2013 and 2012. Under the terms of the bailment inventory agreement, these chassis never become the property of Utilimaster, and the amount drawn against the credit line will be repaid by a GM dealer at the time an order is placed for a Utilimaster body, utilizing a GM chassis. As such, the chassis, and the related draw on the line of credit, are not reflected in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets. See Note 8  Debt  for further information on the Company’s revolving line of credit.
 
Warranty Related
 
The Company’s subsidiaries all provide limited warranties against assembly/construction defects. These warranties generally provide for the replacement or repair of defective parts or workmanship for a specified period following the date of sale. The end users also may receive limited warranties from suppliers of components that are incorporated into the Company’s chassis and vehicles.
 
The Company’s policy is to record a provision for the estimated cost of warranty-related claims at the time of the sale and periodically adjust the provision and liability to reflect actual experience. The amount of warranty liability accrued reflects management’s best estimate of the expected future cost of honoring the Company’s obligations under the warranty agreements. Historically, the cost of fulfilling the Company’s warranty obligations has principally involved replacement parts and labor for field retrofit campaigns. The Company’s estimates are based on historical experience, the number of units involved and the extent of features and components included in product models.
 
Certain warranty and other related claims involve matters of dispute that ultimately are resolved by negotiation, arbitration or litigation. Infrequently, a material warranty issue can arise which is beyond the scope of the Company’s historical experience. The Company provides for any such warranty issues as they become known and are estimable. It is reasonably possible that additional warranty and other related claims could arise from disputes or other matters beyond the scope of the Company’s historical experience.
 
Changes in the Company’s warranty liability during the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012 were as follows:
 
 	 	2013	 	 	2012	 	
Balance of accrued warranty at January 1	 	$	6,062	 	 	$	5,802	 	
Warranties issued during the period	 	 	3,915	 	 	 	3,515	 	
Cash settlements made during the period	 	 	(4,394	)	 	 	(4,842	)	
Changes in liability for pre-existing warranties during the period, including expirations	 	 	1,996	 	 	 	1,587	 	
Balance of accrued warranty at December 31	 	$	7,579	 	 	$	6,062	 	

61

 
 
SPARTAN MOTORS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)
Contingent Consideration
In connection with the acquisition of Utilimaster in November, 2009, the Company incurred contingent obligations through 2014 in the form of certain performance-based earn-out payments, up to an aggregate maximum amount of $7,000. During the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012, the Company made earn out payments totaling $2,720 and $2,100, leaving an aggregate maximum amount of future payments of $2,180 as of December 31, 2013. The Company has made payments of $1,720 in February 2013 and $1,100 in March 2012 based on 2012 and 2011 sales that exceeded target levels and $1,000 in November 2013 and $1,000 in November 2012 as the result of meeting targeted sales levels for the Reach  TM  commercial van. At December 31, 2013, the Company has recorded a contingent liability for the estimated fair value of the future consideration of $1,007, with $247 recorded within Other current liabilities and $760 recorded within Other non-current liabilities on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheet, based upon the likelihood of the payments, discounted to December 31, 2013.
 
In connection with the acquisition of Classic Fire in April, 2011, the Company incurred contingent obligations through 2013 in the form of certain performance-based earn-out payments, up to an aggregate maximum amount of $1,000. No payments were made, and no payments will be required to be made under this earn-out agreement. During the year ended December 31, 2012, the Company recorded an adjustment to operating expenses of $(83) to bring the contingent liability to $0 based on the expected future payment amounts. During the year ended December 31, 2011, the Company recorded an adjustment to operating expenses of $(97) to bring the contingent liability to $83 based on the expected future payment amounts, discounted to December 31, 2011.
 
During the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, the Company recorded additional expense reflecting changes in the present value of the contingent liability as detailed below:

 	 	Contingent Liability	 	
Contingent liability fair value at January 1, 2011	 	$	1,771	 	
Contingent liability from Classic Fire acquisition	 	 	180	 	
Expense from discount amortization	 	 	346	 	
Expense from changes in estimated fair value of contingent payments (1)	 	 	637	 	
Contingent liability fair value at December 31, 2011	 	 	2,934	 	
Expense from discount amortization	 	 	483	 	
Expense from changes in estimated fair value of contingent payments (1)	 	 	2,389	 	
Payments made	 	 	(2,100	)	
Contingent liability fair value at December 31, 2012	 	 	3,706	 	
Expense from discount amortization	 	 	215	 	
Credit from changes in estimated fair value of contingent payments (1)	 	 	(194	)	
Payments made	 	 	(2,720	)	
Contingent liability fair value at December 31, 2013	 	$	1,007	 	
 
 	(1)	Represents adjustments to the contingent consideration liability based on expected or actual Classic Fire or Utilimaster sales levels for 2011, 2012, 2013 and 2014, along with the expectation of or success in meeting the targeted sales levels for the Reach  TM  commercial van in 2012 and 2013.	
 
Management believes that the Company has sufficient liquidity to fund the contingent obligations as they become due.

62

 
 
SPARTAN MOTORS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)
 
NOTE 13 – RESTRUCTURING CHARGES
 
During 2012, the Company incurred restructuring charges within its Delivery and Service Vehicles segment, including asset impairments, as the result of its planned relocation of its Utilimaster operations from Wakarusa, Indiana to Bristol, Indiana and the relocation of its Reach  TM  manufacturing from Wakarusa, Indiana to Charlotte, Michigan, along with certain severance charges incurred within its Specialty Chassis and Vehicles and Emergency Response Vehicles segments to help align expenses with current and future revenue expectations.
 
During 2011, the Company undertook restructuring activities, pertaining to continuing operations, to help align expenses with current and future revenue expectations.
 
There were no restructuring charges recorded during the year ended December 31, 2013.
 
The following table provides a summary of the compensation related charges incurred through December 31, 2013, along with the related outstanding balances to be paid in relation to those expenses.
 
 	 	Severance	 	
 	 	 	 	 	
Balance January 1, 2011	 	$	116	 	
Accrual for severance	 	 	278	 	
Payments and adjustments made in period	 	 	(394	)	
Balance December 31, 2011	 	 	-	 	
Accrual for severance	 	 	1,642	 	
Payments made in period	 	 	(1,012	)	
Balance December 31, 2012	 	$	630	 	
Accrual for severance	 	 	-	 	
Payments made in period	 	 	(630	)	
Balance December 31, 2013	 	$	-	 	

63

 
 
SPARTAN MOTORS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)
 
Restructuring charges included in the Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011, broken down by segment, are as follows:
 
 	 	Year ended December 31, 2012	 	
 	 	Emergency Response	 	 	Delivery
and Service
Vehicles	 	 	Specialty Chassis
 and Vehicles	 	 	Other	 	 	Total	 	
Cost of products sold	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Asset impairment	 	$	-	 	 	$	4,315	 	 	$	-	 	 	$	-	 	 	$	4,315	 	
Accrual for severance	 	 	74	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	158	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	232	 	
Production relocation costs	 	 	-	 	 	 	1,967	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	1,967	 	
Total cost of products sold	 	 	74	 	 	 	6,282	 	 	 	158	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	6,514	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
General and Administrative	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Asset impairment	 	 	-	 	 	 	1,153	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	1,153	 	
Accrual for severance	 	 	454	 	 	 	259	 	 	 	638	 	 	 	59	 	 	 	1,410	 	
Production relocation costs	 	 	-	 	 	 	56	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	56	 	
Total general and administrative	 	 	454	 	 	 	1,468	 	 	 	638	 	 	 	59	 	 	 	2,619	 	
Total restructuring	 	$	528	 	 	$	7,750	 	 	$	796	 	 	$	59	 	 	$	9,133	 	
  
 	 	Year ended December 31, 2011	 	
 	 	Emergency Response	 	 	Delivery and Service Vehicles	 	 	Specialty Chassis and Vehicles	 	 	Other	 	 	Total	 	
Cost of products sold	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Asset impairment	 	$	409	 	 	$	-	 	 	$	-	 	 	$	-	 	 	$	409	 	
Inventory impairment	 	 	214	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	1,103	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	1,317	 	
Accrual for severance	 	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	5	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	5	 	
Total cost of products sold	 	 	623	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	1,108	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	1,731	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
General and Administrative	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Asset impairment	 	 	10	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	767	 	 	 	777	 	
Accrual for severance	 	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	160	 	 	 	113	 	 	 	273	 	
Total general and administrative	 	 	10	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	160	 	 	 	880	 	 	 	1,050	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total restructuring	 	$	633	 	 	$	-	 	 	$	1,268	 	 	$	880	 	 	$	2,781	 	

64

 
 
SPARTAN MOTORS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)
NOTE 14 – EARNINGS PER SHARE
 
The table below reconciles basic weighted average common shares outstanding to diluted weighted average shares outstanding for 2013, 2012 and 2011 (in thousands). The stock awards noted as antidilutive were not included in the diluted weighted average common shares outstanding. Although these stock awards were not included in the Company’s calculation of basic or diluted earnings per share (“EPS”), they may have a dilutive effect on the EPS calculation in future periods if the price of the common stock increases or we report net earnings.
 
 	 	Year Ended December 31,	 	
 	 	2013	 	 	2012	 	 	2011	 	
Basic weighted average common shares outstanding	 	 	33,550	 	 	 	33,165	 	 	 	33,438	 	
Effect of dilutive stock options	 	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	50	 	
Diluted weighted average common shares outstanding	 	 	33,550	 	 	 	33,165	 	 	 	33,488	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Antidilutive stock awards:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Stock options	 	 	45	 	 	 	250	 	 	 	65	 	
Unvested restricted stock awards	 	 	531	 	 	 	637	 	 	 	-	 	

NOTE 15 - BUSINESS SEGMENTS
 
The Company identifies its reportable segments based on its management structure and the financial data utilized by its chief operating decision maker to assess segment performance and allocate resources among the Company’s operating units. The Company has three reportable segments: Emergency Response Vehicles, Delivery and Service Vehicles, and Specialty Chassis and Vehicles.
 
The Emergency Response Vehicles segment consists of the emergency response chassis operations of Spartan Chassis and the operations of Crimson, Crimson Aerials, Classic Fire and Spartan-Gimaex. This segment engineers and manufactures emergency response chassis and bodies.
 
The Delivery and Service Vehicles segment consists of Utilimaster and focuses on designing and manufacturing walk-in vans for the delivery and service market and the production of commercial truck bodies along with related aftermarket parts and assemblies.
 
The Specialty Chassis and Vehicles segment consists of the Spartan Chassis operations that engineer and manufacture motor home chassis, defense vehicles and other specialty chassis and distribute related aftermarket parts and assemblies.
 
Appropriate expense amounts are allocated to the three reportable segments and are included in their reported operating income or loss.
 
The accounting policies of the segments are the same as those described, or referred to, in Note 1 - General and Summary of Accounting Policies. Assets and related depreciation expense in the column labeled “Other” pertain to capital assets maintained at the corporate level. Segment loss from operations in the “Other” column contains corporate related expenses not allocable to the reportable segments. Interest expense and Taxes on income are not included in the information utilized by the chief operating decision maker to assess segment performance and allocate resources, and accordingly, are excluded from the segment results presented below. Intercompany transactions between reportable segments were immaterial in all periods presented.
 
Sales to customers outside the United States were $33,150, $44,205 and $22,675 for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, or 7.1%, 9.4% and 5.3%, respectively, of sales for those years. All of the Company’s long-lived assets are located in the United States.

65

 
 
SPARTAN MOTORS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)
 
Sales and other financial information by business segment are as follows:
 
Year Ended December 31, 2013
 
 	 	Emergency
Response
Vehicles	 	 	Delivery and
Service
Vehicles	 	 	Specialty Chassis
 and Vehicles	 	 	Other	 	 	Consolidated	 	
Emergency response chassis sales	 	$	83,399	 	 	$	-	 	 	$	-	 	 	$	-	 	 	$	83,399	 	
Emergency response bodies sales	 	 	81,688	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	81,688	 	
Delivery and service vehicles sales	 	 	-	 	 	 	157,291	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	157,291	 	
Motor home chassis sales	 	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	90,008	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	90,008	 	
Other specialty vehicles sales	 	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	10,678	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	10,678	 	
Aftermarket parts and assemblies sales	 	 	-	 	 	 	21,918	 	 	 	24,556	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	46,474	 	
Total sales	 	$	165,087	 	 	$	179,209	 	 	$	125,242	 	 	$	-	 	 	$	469,538	 	
Depreciation and amortization expense	 	$	1,390	 	 	$	3,781	 	 	$	1,498	 	 	$	2,569	 	 	$	9,238	 	
Operating income (loss)	 	 	(7,664	)	 	 	(3,942	)	 	 	10,030	 	 	 	(6,622	)	 	 	(8,198	)	
Segment assets	 	 	80,540	 	 	 	78,654	 	 	 	24,399	 	 	 	69,689	 	 	 	253,282	 	
 
Year Ended December 31, 2012
  
 	 	Emergency
Response
Vehicles	 	 	Delivery and
Service
Vehicles	 	 	Specialty Chassis
 and Vehicles	 	 	Other	 	 	Consolidated	 	
Emergency response chassis sales	 	$	83,576	 	 	$	-	 	 	$	-	 	 	$	-	 	 	$	83,576	 	
Emergency response bodies sales	 	 	78,744	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	78,744	 	
Delivery and service vehicles sales	 	 	-	 	 	 	150,255	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	150,255	 	
Motor home chassis sales	 	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	72,127	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	72,127	 	
Other specialty vehicles sales	 	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	7,426	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	7,426	 	
Aftermarket parts and assemblies sales	 	 	-	 	 	 	57,975	 	 	 	20,474	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	78,449	 	
Total sales	 	$	162,320	 	 	$	208,230	 	 	$	100,027	 	 	$	-	 	 	$	470,577	 	
Depreciation and amortization expense	 	$	1,711	 	 	$	2,648	 	 	$	1,945	 	 	$	2,686	 	 	$	8,990	 	
Operating income (loss)	 	 	(2,951	)	 	 	6,035	 	 	 	2,198	 	 	 	(7,873	)	 	 	(2,591	)	
Segment assets	 	 	77,806	 	 	 	73,567	 	 	 	27,565	 	 	 	66,213	 	 	 	245,151	 	

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SPARTAN MOTORS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)
 
Year Ended December 31, 2011
 
 	 	Emergency
Response
Vehicles	 	 	Delivery and
Service
Vehicles	 	 	Specialty Chassis
 and Vehicles	 	 	Other	 	 	Consolidated	 	
Emergency response chassis sales	 	$	80,817	 	 	$	-	 	 	$	-	 	 	$	-	 	 	$	80,817	 	
Emergency response bodies sales	 	 	73,949	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	73,949	 	
Delivery and service vehicles sales	 	 	-	 	 	 	118,810	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	118,810	 	
Motor home chassis sales	 	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	65,778	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	65,778	 	
Other specialty vehicles sales	 	 	-	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	16,271	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	16,271	 	
Aftermarket parts and assemblies sales	 	 	-	 	 	 	46,716	 	 	 	23,669	 	 	 	-	 	 	 	70,385	 	
Total sales	 	$	154,766	 	 	$	165,526	 	 	$	105,718	 	 	$	-	 	 	$	426,010	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Depreciation and amortization expense	 	$	2,322	 	 	$	2,442	 	 	$	2,186	 	 	$	3,060	 	 	$	10,010	 	
Operating income (loss)	 	 	(95	)	 	 	10,040	 	 	 	(2,300	)	 	 	(6,314	)	 	 	1,331	 	
Segment assets	 	 	68,044	 	 	 	80,674	 	 	 	23,163	 	 	 	76,728	 	 	 	248,609	 	

NOTE 16 - QUARTERLY FINANCIAL DATA (UNAUDITED)
 
Summarized quarterly financial data for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012 is as follows (full year amounts may not sum due to rounding):
 
 	 	2013 Quarter Ended	 	 	2012 Quarter Ended	 	
 	 	Mar 31	 	 	June 30	 	 	Sept 30	 	 	Dec 31	 	 	Mar 31	 	 	June 30	 	 	Sept 30	 	 	Dec 31	 	
Sales	 	$	96,136	 	 	$	120,874	 	 	$	126,074	 	 	$	126,454	 	 	$	118,812	 	 	$	114,419	 	 	$	112,857	 	 	$	124,489	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Gross profit	 	 	6,347	 	 	 	15,626	 	 	 	16,131	 	 	 	14,960	 	 	 	13,744	 	 	 	18,745	 	 	 	12,968	 	 	 	13,152	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net earnings (loss) attributable to Spartan Motors, Inc.	 	 	(4,254	)	 	 	691	 	 	 	563	 	 	 	(2,970	)	 	 	(2,015	)	 	 	2,351	 	 	 	(327	)	 	 	(2,466	)	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Basic net earnings (loss) per share	 	 	(0.13	)	 	 	0.02	 	 	 	0.02	 	 	 	(0.09	)	 	 	(0.06	)	 	 	0.07	 	 	 	(0.01	)	 	 	(0.07	)	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Diluted net earnings (loss) per share	 	 	(0.13	)	 	 	0.02	 	 	 	0.02	 	 	 	(0.09	)	 	 	(0.06	)	 	 	0.07	 	 	 	(0.01	)	 	 	(0.07	)	
 
During the first, second, third and fourth quarters of 2012, the Company incurred restructuring charges of $5,408, $685, $1,643 and $1,397, respectively. The Company did not incur any restructuring charges during 2013.

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Item 9.                     Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure.
 
None.
 
Item 9A.                  Controls and Procedures.
 
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures.
 
An evaluation was performed under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’s management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) as of December 31, 2013. Based on and as of the time of such evaluation, the Company’s management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this report to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
 
Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting.
 
Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f). Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2013, based on the framework in  Internal Control - Integrated Framework (1992)  issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on that evaluation our management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2013. The effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2013 has been audited by BDO USA, LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in its attestation report, which is included in Item 8 and is incorporated into this Item 9A by reference.
 
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting.
 
No changes in our internal control over financial reporting were identified as having occurred during the quarter ended December 31, 2013 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Item 9B.                   Other Information.
 
None.
PART III
 
Item 10.                     Directors, Executive Officers, and Corporate Governance.
 
The information required by this item, with respect to directors, executive officers, audit committee, and audit committee financial experts of the Company and Section 16(a) beneficial ownership reporting compliance is contained under the captions “Spartan Motors’ Board of Directors and Executive Officers” and “Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance” in the Company’s definitive proxy statement for its annual meeting of shareholders to be held on May 21, 2014, to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission no later than 120 days after December 31, 2013, and is incorporated herein by reference.
 
The Company has adopted a Code of Ethics that applies to the Company’s principal executive officer, principal financial officer and principal accounting officer. This Code of Ethics is posted under “Code of Ethics” on the Company’s website at  www.spartanmotors.com . The Company has also adopted a Code of Ethics and Compliance applicable to all directors, officers and associates, which is posted under “Code of Conduct” on the Company’s website at  www.spartanmotors.com . Any waiver from or amendment to a provision of either code will be disclosed on the Company’s website.

68

 
 
Item 11.                   Executive Compensation.
 
The information required by this item is contained under the captions “Executive Compensation,” “Compensation of Directors,” “Compensation Committee Report” and “Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation” in the Company’s definitive proxy statement for its annual meeting of shareholders to be held on May 21, 2014, to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission no later than 120 days after December 31, 2013, and is incorporated herein by reference.
 
Item 12.                   Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Shareholder Matters .
 
The information required by this item (other than that set forth below) is contained under the caption “Ownership of Spartan Motors Stock” in the Company’s definitive proxy statement for its annual meeting of shareholders to be held on May 21, 2014, to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission no later than 120 days after December 31, 2013, and is incorporated herein by reference.
 
The following table provides information about the Company’s equity compensation plans regarding the number of securities to be issued under these plans upon the exercise of outstanding options, the weighted-average exercise prices of options outstanding under these plans, and the number of securities available for future issuance as of December 31, 2013.
 
Equity Compensation Plan Information

Plan category	 	Number of securities to
be issued upon exercise
of outstanding options,
warrants and rights	 	 	Weighted average
exercise price of
outstanding options,
warrants and rights	 	 	
Number of securities
remaining available for
future issuance (3)	
 	 	(a)	 	 	(b)	 	 	(c)	
Equity compensation plans approved by security holders(1)	 	 	538,000	 	 	$	6.81	 	 	 	2,715,000	 	
Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders (2)	 	 	--	 	 	N/A	 	 	 	25,000	 	
Total	 	 	538,000	 	 	$	6.81	 	 	 	2,740,000	 	
 
(1)	Consists of the Spartan Motors, Inc. Stock Incentive Plan of 2012 (the “2012 Plan”), Spartan Motors, Inc. Stock Incentive Plan of 2007 (the “2007 Plan”), Spartan Motors, Inc. Stock Incentive Plan of 2005 (the “2005 Plan”), the Spartan Motors, Inc. Stock Option and Restricted Stock Plan of 2003 (the “2003 Plan”), the Spartan Motors, Inc. Stock Option and Restricted Stock Plan of 1998 (the “1998 Plan”), and the Spartan Motors, Inc. 1996 Stock Option and Restricted Stock Plan for Outside Market Advisors (the “1996 Plan”).  	
 	 	
(2)	Consists of the Spartan Motors, Inc. Directors’ Stock Purchase Plan. This plan provides that non-employee directors of the Company may elect to receive at least 25% and up to 100% of their “director’s fees” in the form of the Company’s common stock. The term “director’s fees” means the amount of income payable to a non-employee director for his or her service as a director of the Company, including payments for attendance at meetings of the Company’s Board of Directors or meetings of committees of the board, and any retainer fee paid to such persons as members of the board. A non-employee director who elects to receive Company common stock in lieu of some or all of his or her director’s fees will, on or shortly after each “applicable date,” receive a number of shares of common stock (rounded down to the nearest whole share) determined by dividing (1) the dollar amount of the director’s fees payable to him or her on the applicable date that he or she has elected to receive in common stock by (2) the market value of common stock on the applicable date. The term “applicable date” means any date on which a director’s fee is payable to the participant. To date, no shares have been issued under this plan.	
 	 	
(3)	Each of the plans reflected in the above table contains customary anti-dilution provisions that are applicable in the event of a stock split or certain other changes in the Company’s capitalization. Furthermore, each of the 2012 Plan, the 2007 Plan, the 2005 Plan, the 2003 Plan, the 1998 Plan, the 1996 Plan and the 1994 Plan provides that if a stock option is canceled, surrendered, modified, expires or is terminated during the term of the plan but before the exercise of the option, the shares subject to the option will be available for other awards under the plan.	
 	 	
 	The numbers of shares reflected in column (c) in the table above with respect to the 2012 Plan (1,731,000 shares), 2007 Plan (777,000 shares) and the 2005 Plan (207,000 shares) represent new shares that may be granted by the Company, and not shares issuable upon the exercise of an existing option, warrant or right.	

69

 
 
Item 13.                   Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence.
 
The information required by this item is contained under the captions “Transactions with Related Persons” and “Spartan Motors’ Board of Directors and Executive Officers” in the Company’s definitive proxy statement for its annual meeting of shareholders to be held on May 21, 2014, to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission no later than 120 days after December 31, 2013, and is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 14.                   Principal Accounting Fees and Services.
 
The information required by this item is contained under the caption “Independent Auditor Fees” in the Company’s definitive proxy statement for its annual meeting of shareholders to be held on May 21, 2014, to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission no later than 120 days after December 31, 2013, and is incorporated herein by reference.

PART IV
 
Item 15.                  Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules.
 
Item 15(a)(1).        List of Financial Statements.
 
The following consolidated financial statements of the Company and its subsidiaries, and reports of our registered independent public accounting firm, are filed as a part of this report under Item 8 - Financial Statements and Supplementary Data:
 
 	Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm’s Report on Consolidated Financial Statements – Years Ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011	
 	 	
 	Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting – December 31, 2013	
 	 	
 	Consolidated Balance Sheets - December 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012	
 	 	
 	Consolidated Statements of Operations - Years Ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011	
 	 	
 	Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity - Years Ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011	
 	 	
 	Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - Years Ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011	
 	 	
 	Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	

 Item 15(a)(2).       Financial Statement Schedules. Attached as Appendix A.
 
The following consolidated financial statement schedule of the Company and its subsidiaries is filed as part of this report:
 
 	Schedule II-Valuation and Qualifying Accounts	
 
All other financial statement schedules are not required under the related instructions or are inapplicable and therefore have been omitted.

70

 

 Item 15(a)(3).        List of Exhibits. The following exhibits are filed as a part of this report:
 
Exhibit
Number	 	
Document	
 	 	  	
3.1	 	Spartan Motors, Inc. Restated Articles of Incorporation, as amended to date. Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Form 10-Q Quarterly Report for the period ended June 30, 2007 (Commission File No. 001-33582) , and incorporated herein by reference.	
 	 	 	
3.2	 	Spartan Motors, Inc. Bylaws, as amended to date. Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on February 27, 2013 (Commission File No. 001-33582), and incorporated herein by reference.	
 	 	 	
4.1	 	Spartan Motors, Inc. Restated Articles of Incorporation. See Exhibit 3.1 above.	
 	 	 	
4.2	 	Spartan Motors, Inc. Bylaws. See Exhibit 3.2 above.	
 	 	 	
4.3	 	Form of Stock Certificate. Previously filed as an exhibit to the Registration Statement on Form S-18 (Registration No. 2-90021-C) filed on March 19, 1984, and incorporated herein by reference.	
 	 	 	
4.4	 	Rights Agreement dated July 7, 2007, between Spartan Motors, Inc. and American Stock Transfer and Trust Company, which includes the form of Certificate of Designation, Preferences and Rights of Series B Preferred Stock as Exhibit A, the form of Rights Certificate as Exhibit B and the Summary of Rights to Purchase Series B Preferred Stock as Exhibit C. Previously filed as Exhibit 1 to the Company’s Form 8-A filed on July 10, 2007, and incorporated herein by reference.	
 	 	 	
4.5	 	The Registrant has several classes of long-term debt instruments outstanding. The authorized amount of none of these classes of debt exceeds 10% of the Company’s total consolidated assets, except as furnished under Exhibit 10.13 and Exhibit 10.15 to this Form 10-K below. The Company agrees to furnish copies of any other agreements defining the rights of holders of other such long-term indebtedness to the Securities and Exchange Commission upon request.	
 	 	 	
10.1	 	Spartan Motors, Inc. 1996 Stock Option and Restricted Stock Plan for Outside Market Advisors, as amended. Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2005 (Commission File No. 001-13611), and incorporated herein by reference.*	
 	 	 	
10.2	 	Spartan Motors, Inc. Stock Option and Restricted Stock Plan of 1998, as amended. Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2005 (Commission File No. 001-13611), and incorporated herein by reference.*	
 	 	 	
10.3	 	Spartan Motors, Inc. Stock Option and Restricted Stock Plan of 2003, as amended. Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2005 (Commission File No. 001-13611), and incorporated herein by reference.*	
 	 	 	
10.4	 	Spartan Motors, Inc. Stock Incentive Plan of 2005, as amended. Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2005 (Commission File No. 001-13611), and incorporated herein by reference.*	

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Exhibit
Number	 	Document	
 	 	 	
10.5	 	Spartan Motors, Inc. Stock Incentive Plan of 2007, as amended. Previously filed as Appendix A to the Company’s 2007 Proxy Statement filed April 23, 2007 and incorporated herein by reference.*	
 	 	 	
10.6	 	Spartan Motors, Inc. Executive Leadership Team Incentive Compensation Framework. Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2011 (Commission File No. 001-33582), and incorporated herin by reference.*	
 	 	 	
10.7	 	Spartan Motors, Inc. Directors’ Stock Purchase Plan. Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Form S-8 Registration Statement (Registration No. 333-98083) filed on August 14, 2002, and incorporated herein by reference.*	
 	 	 	
10.8	 	Form of Stock Appreciation Rights Agreement. Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2007 (Commission File No. 001-33582) and incorporated herein by reference.*	
 	 	 	
10.9	 	Form of Restricted Stock Agreement. Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended June 30, 2009 (Commission File No. 001-33582), and incorporated herein by reference.*	
 	 	 	
10.10	 	Form of Indemnification Agreement. Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2005 (Commission File No. 001-13611), and incorporated herein by reference.*	
 	 	 	
10.11	 	Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan. Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2007 (Commission File No. 001-33582), and incorporated herein by reference. *	
 	 	 	
10.12	 	Amended and Restated Note Purchase and Private Shelf Agreement with Prudential Investment Management, Inc. and certain of its affiliates and managed accounts, dated November 30, 2009. Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2009 (Commission File No. 001-33582), and incorporated herein by reference. Amendment No. 1 to Amended and Restated Note Purchase and Private Shelf Agreement with Prudential Investment Management, Inc. and certain of its affiliates and managed accounts, dated February 12, 2012.  Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2012 (Commission File No. 001-33582), and incorporated herein by reference. Amendment No. 2 to Amended and Restated Note Purchase and Private Shelf Agreement with Prudential Investment Management, Inc. and certain of its affiliates and managed accounts, dated November 30, 2012. Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2012 (Commission File No. 001-33582), and incorporated herein by reference.	
 	 	 	
10.13	 	Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of November 18, 2009, by and among Spartan Motors, Inc.; SMI Sub, Inc.; Utilimaster Holdings, Inc.; Utilimaster Corporation; and John Hancock Life Insurance Company; as amended by a First Amendment to Agreement and Plan of Merger dated as of November 30, 2009. Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2009 (Commission File No. 001-33582), and incorporated herein by reference.	

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Exhibit
Number	 	Document	
 	 	 	
10.14	 	Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated December 16, 2011, by and among the Company, Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as administrative agent, and the lenders party thereto. Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2011 (Commission File No. 001-33582), and incorporated herein by reference.	
 	 	 	
10.15	 	Spartan Motors, Inc. Stock Incentive Plan of 2012. Previously filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed May 15, 2012 (Commission File No. 001-33582), and incorporated herein by reference.*	
 	 	 	
10.16	 	Lease agreement dated February 13, 2012 between the Company and Fruit Hills Investments, LLC. Previously filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2012 (Commission File No. 001-33582) and incorporated herein by reference.	
 	 	 	
21	 	Subsidiaries of Registrant.	
 	 	 	
23	 	Consent of BDO USA, LLP, Independent Registered Public Accounting firm.	
 	 	 	
24	 	Limited Powers of Attorney.	
 	 	 	
31.1	 	Certification of President and Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.	
 	 	 	
31.2	 	Certification of Chief Financial Officer, Secretary and Treasurer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.	
 	 	 	
32	 	Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350.	
 	 	 	
101.INS	 	XBRL Instance Document	
 	 	 	
101.SCH	 	XBRL Schema Document	
 	 	 	
101.CAL	 	XBRL Calculation Linkbase Document	
 	 	 	
101.DEF	 	XBRL Definition Linkbase Document	
 	 	 	
101.LAB	 	XBRL Label Linkbase Document	
 	 	 	
101.PRE	 	XBRL Presentation Linkbase Document	

*Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.
 
The Company will furnish a copy of any exhibit listed above to any shareholder of the Company without charge upon written request to: Chief Financial Officer, Spartan Motors, Inc., 1541 Reynolds Road, Charlotte, Michigan 48813.

73

 
 
SIGNATURES
 
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
 
 	SPARTAN MOTORS, INC.	
 	 	 	
March 13, 2014	By	/s/ Lori L. Wade	
 	 	Lori L. Wade
Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)	
 
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
 
March 13, 2014	By	/s/ John E. Sztykiel	
 	 	John E. Sztykiel
Director, President and Chief Executive Officer
(Principal Executive Officer)	

March 13, 2014	By	/s/ Lori L. Wade	
 	 	Lori L. Wade
Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)	

March 13, 2014	By	* /s/ Lori L. Wade	
 	 	Richard R. Current, Director	

March 13, 2014	By	* /s/ Lori L. Wade	
 	 	Richard F. Dauch, Director	

March 13, 2014	By	* /s/ Lori L. Wade	
 	 	Ronald Harbour, Director	

March 13, 2014	By	* /s/ Lori L. Wade	
 	 	Kenneth Kaczmarek, Director	

March 13, 2014	By	* /s/ Lori L. Wade	
 	 	Andrew Rooke, Director	

 March 13, 2014	By	* /s/ Lori L. Wade	
 	 	Hugh W. Sloan, Director	

March 13, 2014	*By	 /s/ Lori L. Wade	
 	 	Lori L. Wade 
Attorney-in-Fact	

74

 
 
APPENDIX A
 
SCHEDULE II
VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS
SPARTAN MOTORS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
Column A	 	Column B	 	 	Column C	 	 	Column D	 	 	Column E	 	

Description	 	

Balance at
Beginning
of Period	 	 	
Additions
Charged to
Costs and
Expenses	 	 	Additions
Charged to
Other
Accounts
(Acquisition)	 	 	

Deductions	 	 	

Balance
at End
of Period	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Year ended December 31, 2013:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Allowance for doubtful accounts	 	$	1,021	 	 	$	15	 	 	$	--	 	 	$	(267	)	 	$	769	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Reserve for slow-moving inventory	 	 	3,056	 	 	 	2,645	 	 	 	--	 	 	 	(3,406	)	 	 	2,295	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Accrued warranty	 	 	6,062	 	 	 	5,911	 	 	 	--	 	 	 	(4,394	)	 	 	7,579	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Valuation allowance for deferred tax assets	 	 	3,586	 	 	 	110	 	 	 	--	 	 	 	(130	)	 	 	3,567	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Year ended December 31, 2012:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Allowance for doubtful accounts	 	$	749	 	 	$	324	 	 	$	--	 	 	$	(52	)	 	$	1,021	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Reserve for slow-moving inventory	 	 	3,565	 	 	 	671	 	 	 	--	 	 	 	(1,180	)	 	 	3,056	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Accrued warranty	 	 	5,802	 	 	 	5,102	 	 	 	--	 	 	 	(4,842	)	 	 	6,062	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Valuation allowance for deferred tax assets	 	 	3,546	 	 	 	50	 	 	 	--	 	 	 	(10	)	 	 	3,586	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Year ended December 31, 2011:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Allowance for doubtful accounts	 	$	996	 	 	$	15	 	 	$	--	 	 	$	(262	)	 	$	749	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Reserve for slow-moving inventory	 	 	3,687	 	 	 	2,741	 	 	 	35	 	 	 	(2,898	)	 	 	3,565	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Accrued warranty	 	 	5,702	 	 	 	2,750	 	 	 	140	 	 	 	(2,790	)	 	 	5,802	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Valuation allowance for deferred tax assets	 	 	3,649	 	 	 	111	 	 	 	--	 	 	 	(214	)	 	 	3,546	 	

 
 
EXHIBIT INDEX
 
Exhibit
Number	 	
Document	
 	 	 	
3.1	 	Spartan Motors, Inc. Restated Articles of Incorporation, as amended to date. Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Form 10-Q Quarterly Report for the period ended June 30, 2007 (Commission File No. 001-33582), and incorporated herein by reference.	
 	 	 	
3.2	 	Spartan Motors, Inc. Bylaws, as amended to date. Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on February 27, 2013 (Commission File No. 001-33582), and incorporated herein by reference.	
 	 	 	
4.1	 	Spartan Motors, Inc. Restated Articles of Incorporation. See Exhibit 3.1 above.	
 	 	 	
4.2	 	Spartan Motors, Inc. Bylaws. See Exhibit 3.2 above.	
 	 	 	
4.3	 	Form of Stock Certificate. Previously filed as an exhibit to the Registration Statement on Form S-18 (Registration No. 2-90021-C) filed on March 19, 1984, and incorporated herein by reference.	
 	 	 	
4.4	 	Rights Agreement dated July 7, 2007, between Spartan Motors, Inc. and American Stock Transfer and Trust Company, which includes the form of Certificate of Designation, Preferences and Rights of Series B Preferred Stock as Exhibit A, the form of Rights Certificate as Exhibit B and the Summary of Rights to Purchase Series B Preferred Stock as Exhibit C. Previously filed as Exhibit 1 to the Company’s Form 8-A filed on July 10, 2007, and incorporated herein by reference.	
 	 	 	
4.5	 	The Registrant has several classes of long-term debt instruments outstanding. The authorized amount of none of these classes of debt exceeds 10% of the Company’s total consolidated assets, except as furnished under Exhibit 10.13 and Exhibit 10.15 to this Form 10-K below. The Company agrees to furnish copies of any other agreements defining the rights of holders of other such long-term indebtedness to the Securities and Exchange Commission upon request.	
 	 	 	
10.1	 	Spartan Motors, Inc. 1996 Stock Option and Restricted Stock Plan for Outside Market Advisors, as amended. Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2005 (Commission File No. 001-13611), and incorporated herein by reference.*	
 	 	 	
10.2	 	Spartan Motors, Inc. Stock Option and Restricted Stock Plan of 1998, as amended. Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2005 (Commission File No. 001-13611), and incorporated herein by reference.*	
 	 	 	
10.3	 	Spartan Motors, Inc. Stock Option and Restricted Stock Plan of 2003, as amended. Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2005 (Commission File No. 001-13611), and incorporated herein by reference.*	
 	 	 	
10.4	 	Spartan Motors, Inc. Stock Incentive Plan of 2005, as amended. Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2005 (Commission File No. 001-13611), and incorporated herein by reference.*	

i

 
 
10.5	 	Spartan Motors, Inc. Stock Incentive Plan of 2007, as amended. Previously filed as Appendix A to the Company’s 2007 Proxy Statement filed April 23, 2007 and incorporated herein by reference.*	
 	 	 	
10.6	 	Spartan Motors, Inc. Executive Leadership Team Incentive Compensation Framework. Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2011 (Commission File No. 001-33582), and incorporated herin by reference.*	
 	 	 	
10.7	 	Spartan Motors, Inc. Directors’ Stock Purchase Plan. Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Form S-8 Registration Statement (Registration No. 333-98083) filed on August 14, 2002, and incorporated herein by reference.*	
 	 	 	
10.8	 	Form of Stock Appreciation Rights Agreement. Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2007 (Commission File No. 001-33582), and incorporated herein by reference.*	
 	 	 	
10.9	 	Form of Restricted Stock Agreement. Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended June 30, 2009 (Commission File No. 001-33582), and incorporated herein by reference.*	
 	 	 	
10.10	 	Form of Indemnification Agreement. Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2005 (Commission File No. 001-13611), and incorporated herein by reference.*	
 	 	 	
10.11	 	Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan.* Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2007 (Commission File No. 001-33582) and incorporated herein by reference.	
 	 	 	
10.12	 	Amended and Restated Note Purchase and Private Shelf Agreement with Prudential Investment Management, Inc. and certain of its affiliates and managed accounts, dated November 30, 2009.  Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2009 (Commission File No. 001-33582), and incorporated herein by reference. Amendment No. 1 to Amended and Restated Note Purchase and Private Shelf Agreement with Prudential Investment Management, Inc. and certain of its affiliates and managed accounts, dated February 12, 2012. Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2012 (Commission File No. 001-33582), and incorporated herein by reference. Amendment No. 2 to Amended and Restated Note Purchase and Private Shelf Agreement with Prudential Investment Management, Inc. and certain of its affiliates and managed accounts, dated November 30, 2012. Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2012 (Commission File No. 001-33582), and incorporated herein by reference.	
 	 	 	
10.13	 	Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of November 18, 2009, by and among Spartan Motors, Inc.; SMI Sub, Inc.; Utilimaster Holdings, Inc.; Utilimaster Corporation; and John Hancock Life Insurance Company; as amended by a First Amendment to Agreement and Plan of Merger dated as of November 30, 2009. Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2009 (Commission File No. 001-33582), and incorporated herein by reference.	
 	 	 	
10.14	 	Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated December 16, 2011, by and among the Company, Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as administrative agent, and the lenders party thereto. Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2011 (Commission File No. 001-33582), and incorporated herein by reference.	

ii

 
 
10.15	 	Spartan Motors, Inc. Stock Incentive Plan of 2012. Previously filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed May 15, 2012 (Commission File No. 001-33582), and incorporated herein by reference.*	
 	 	 	
10.16	 	Lease agreement dated February 13, 2012 between the Company and Fruit Hills Investments, LLC. Previously filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2012 (Commission File No. 001-33582) and incorporated herein by reference.	

21	 	 
Subsidiaries of Registrant.	
 	 	 	
23	 	Consent of BDO USA, LLP, Independent Registered Public Accounting firm.	
 	 	 	
24	 	Limited Powers of Attorney.	
 	 	 	
31.1	 	Certification of President and Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.	
 	 	 	
31.2	 	Certification of Chief Financial Officer, Secretary and Treasurer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.	
 	 	 	
32	 	Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350.	
 	 	 	
101.INS	 	XBRL Instance Document	
 	 	 	
101.SCH	 	XBRL Schema Document	
 	 	 	
101.CAL	 	XBRL Calculation Linkbase Document	
 	 	 	
101.DEF	 	XBRL Definition Linkbase Document	
 	 	 	
101.LAB	 	XBRL Label Linkbase Document	
 	 	 	
101.PRE	 	XBRL Presentation Linkbase Document	
_________________________
 
*Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.
 
iii

EXHIBIT 21
 
SUBSIDIARIES OF SPARTAN MOTORS, INC.

Name of Subsidiary	 	Jurisdiction of Incorporation	
 	 	 	
Spartan Motors Chassis, Inc.	 	Michigan, United States	
 	 	 	
Crimson Fire, Inc.*	 	South Dakota, United States	
 	 	 	
Classic Fire, LLC	 	Michigan, United States	
 	 	 	
Crimson Fire Aerials, Inc.	 	Pennsylvania, United States	
 	 	 	
Utilimaster Holdings, Inc.	 	Delaware, United States	
 	 	 	
-Utilimaster Corporation (100% owned by Utilimaster Holdings, Inc.)	 	Delaware, United States	
 	 	 	
-Utilimaster Canada Limited (100% owned by Utilimaster Holdings, Inc.)	 	Ontario, Canada	
 
*Formerly also did business under the names Luverne Fire Apparatus Co., Ltd. and Quality Manufacturing Inc.

EXHIBIT 23
 
CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
 
Board of Directors and Shareholders
Spartan Motors, Inc.
Charlotte, Michigan
 
We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration Statements on Form S-3 (No. 333-25357) and Form S-8 (Nos. 333-69028, 333-98083, 333-111887, 333-126269, 333-145674, 333-177088 and 333-183871) of Spartan Motors, Inc. of our reports dated March 13, 2014, relating to the consolidated financial statements and the financial statement schedule, and the effectiveness of Spartan Motors, Inc.’s internal control over financial reporting, which appear in this Form 10-K.
 
/s/ BDO USA, LLP
Grand Rapids, Michigan
 
March 13, 2014

EXHIBIT 24
 
POWER OF ATTORNEY
 
The undersigned, in his or her capacity as a director or officer, or both, as the case may be, of Spartan Motors, Inc., does hereby appoint John E. Sztykiel, Lori L. Wade, and Thomas T. Kivell, and each of them, his attorney, with full power of substitution and resubstitution, for such individual and in his name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign the Form 10-K of Spartan Motors, Inc. for its fiscal year ended December 31, 2013, together with any and all amendments thereto, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and all documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

 	Signature:	/s/ Hugh W. Sloan	
 	 	 	
 	Print Name:	Hugh W. Sloan	
 	 	 	
 	Title:	Director	
 	 	 	
 	Date:	January 24, 2014	

POWER OF ATTORNEY
 
The undersigned, in his or her capacity as a director or officer, or both, as the case may be, of Spartan Motors, Inc., does hereby appoint John E. Sztykiel, Lori L. Wade, and Thomas T. Kivell, and each of them, his attorney, with full power of substitution and resubstitution, for such individual and in his name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign the Form 10-K of Spartan Motors, Inc. for its fiscal year ended December 31, 2013, together with any and all amendments thereto, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and all documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

 	Signature:	/s/ Andrew Rooke	
 	 	 	
 	Print Name:	Andrew Rooke	
 	 	 	
 	Title:	Director	
 	 	 	
 	Date:	January 29, 2014	

POWER OF ATTORNEY
 
The undersigned, in his or her capacity as a director or officer, or both, as the case may be, of Spartan Motors, Inc., does hereby appoint John E. Sztykiel, Lori L. Wade, and Thomas T. Kivell, and each of them, his attorney, with full power of substitution and resubstitution, for such individual and in his name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign the Form 10-K of Spartan Motors, Inc. for its fiscal year ended December 31, 2013, together with any and all amendments thereto, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and all documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
 
 	Signature:	/s/ Kenneth Kaczmarek	
 	 	 	
 	Print Name:	Kenneth Kaczmarek	
 	 	 	
 	Title:	Director	
 	 	 	
 	Date:	February 5, 2014	

 

 
 
POWER OF ATTORNEY
 
The undersigned, in his or her capacity as a director or officer, or both, as the case may be, of Spartan Motors, Inc., does hereby appoint John E. Sztykiel, Lori L. Wade, and Thomas T. Kivell, and each of them, his attorney, with full power of substitution and resubstitution, for such individual and in his name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign the Form 10-K of Spartan Motors, Inc. for its fiscal year ended December 31, 2013, together with any and all amendments thereto, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and all documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

 	Signature:	/s/ Ronald E. Harbour	
 	 	 	
 	Print Name:	Ronald E. Harbour	
 	 	 	
 	Title:	Director	
 	 	 	
 	Date:	January 26, 2014	

POWER OF ATTORNEY
 
The undersigned, in his or her capacity as a director or officer, or both, as the case may be, of Spartan Motors, Inc., does hereby appoint John E. Sztykiel, Lori L. Wade, and Thomas T. Kivell, and each of them, his attorney, with full power of substitution and resubstitution, for such individual and in his name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign the Form 10-K of Spartan Motors, Inc. for its fiscal year ended December 31, 2013, together with any and all amendments thereto, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and all documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

 	Signature:	/s/ Richard R. Current	
 	 	 	
 	Print Name:	Richard R. Current	
 	 	 	
 	Title:	Director	
 	 	 	
 	Date:	January 26, 2014	

POWER OF ATTORNEY
 
The undersigned, in his or her capacity as a director or officer, or both, as the case may be, of Spartan Motors, Inc., does hereby appoint John E. Sztykiel, Lori L. Wade, and Thomas T. Kivell, and each of them, his attorney, with full power of substitution and resubstitution, for such individual and in his name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign the Form 10-K of Spartan Motors, Inc. for its fiscal year ended December 31, 2013, together with any and all amendments thereto, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and all documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
 
 	Signature:	/s/ Richard F. Dauch	
 	 	 	
 	Print Name:	Richard F. Dauch	
 	 	 	
 	Title:	Director	
 	 	 	
 	Date:	February 4, 2014	

EXHIBIT 31.1
 
CEO CERTIFICATION
 
I, John E. Sztykiel, certify that:
 
1. I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Spartan Motors, Inc.;
 
2. Based on my knowledge, this annual report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
 
3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
 
4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
 
(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
 
(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
 
(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
 
(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
 
5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
 
(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
 
(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
 
Date: March 13, 2014	/s/ John E. Sztykiel	
 	John E. Sztykiel
President and Chief Executive Officer
Spartan Motors, Inc.	

EXHIBIT 31.2
 
CFO CERTIFICATION
 
I, Lori L. Wade, certify that:
 
1. I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Spartan Motors, Inc.;
 
2. Based on my knowledge, this annual report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
 
3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
 
4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
 
(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
 
(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
 
(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
 
(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
 
5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
 
(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
 
(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
 
Date: March 13, 2014	/s/ Lori L. Wade	
 	Lori L. Wade
Chief Financial Officer
Spartan Motors, Inc.	

EXHIBIT 32
 
CERTIFICATION
 
Solely for the purpose of complying with 18 U.S.C. § 1350, each of the undersigned hereby certifies in his capacity as an officer of Spartan Motors, Inc. (the “Company”), pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 that:
 
 	1.	The Annual Report on Form 10-K of the Company for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2013 (the “Report”) fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934 (15 U.S.C. 78m); and	
 	 	 	
 	2.	The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company for such period.	

 
Date: March 13, 2014	/s/ John E. Sztykiel	
 	John E. Sztykiel
President and Chief Executive Officer	

 	 	
Date: March 13, 2014	/s/ Lori L. Wade	
 	Lori L. Wade
Chief Financial Officer	

 
A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 has been provided to the Company and will be retained by the Company and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.